Chapter 3

Question 1

Aggregates

Answer 1

Aggregates

Question 2

Balloon Frame

Answer 2

Balloon Frame

Question 3

Compressive Strength

Answer 3

Compressive Strength

Question 4

Damping

Answer 4

Damping

Question 5

Drop Panel

Answer 5

Drop Panel

Question 6

Efflorescence

Answer 6

Efflorescence

Question 7

Fireproofing

Answer 7

Fireproofing

Question 8

Flat Slab

Answer 8

Flat Slab

Question 9

Hygroscopicity

Answer 9

Hygroscopicity

Question 10

Joists

Answer 10

Joists

Question 11

Load Path

Answer 11

Load Path

Question 12

Masonry

Answer 12

Masonry

Question 13

Mortar

Answer 13

Mortar

Question 14

Platform Frame

Answer 14

Platform Frame

Question 15

Pre-Engineered Building

Answer 15

Pre-Engineered Building

Question 16

Rafters

Answer 16

Rafters

Question 17

Reinforced Concrete

Answer 17

Reinforced Concrete

Question 18

Return Period

Answer 18

Return Period

Question 19

Shear Strength

Answer 19

Shear Strength

Question 20

Shoring

Answer 20

Shoring

Question 21

Slump Test

Answer 21

Slump Test

Question 22

Spandrel Bean

Answer 22

Spandrel Bean

Question 23

Structural Members

Answer 23

Structural Members

Question 24

Studs

Answer 24

Studs

Question 25

Tensile Strength

Answer 25

Tensile Strength

Question 26

Force

Answer 26

Any natural or human action (a push or a pull) that causes am object to move or undergo a shape change.
There are 5 factors:
1. Direction of force
2. Magnitude of the force
3. Location of the force
4. Duration of the force
5. Dynamic of the force

Question 27

1. Direction of force

Answer 27

Horizontal force- sideways motion
Vertical force- up or downward motion
Rotational force- twisting motion

Question 28

2. Magnitude of the force

Answer 28

measured in Newtons
1 Newton = 100 grams
1000 Newtons = 220 pounds of force

Question 29

3. Location of the force

Answer 29

forces applied at different levels of locations within building
Example:
Compressive forces acting on lower levels of building will be greater due to the weight of the floors above.

Question 30

4. Duration of the force

Answer 30

Some forces are considered long or short duration.
Example:
Gravity is constant
Wind or snow occur periodically
Different materials respond differently to short or long term loads

Question 31

5. Dynamic of the force

Answer 31

Special classes of force that occur as regular or irregular cycles
Examples:
Earthquakes, machinery, human activity (walking, dancing) and wind

Question 32

Load Classifications (7)

Answer 32

1. Dead Loads
2. Occupancy or Live Loads
3. Snow Loads
4. Wind Loads
5. Temperature
6. Earthquake Loads
7. Other Loads

Question 33

1. Dead Loads

Answer 33

Self weight of the structure
Includes interior walls, lights, ducts and furniture
Static, not expected to change

Question 34

2. Occupancy or Live Loads

Answer 34

Loads arising from use of structure

Includes cars in parking lot, or books in library

Question 35

3. Snow Loads

Answer 35

Arises when snow falls

Question 36

4. Wind Loads

Answer 36

Arises with various forces of wind

Question 37

5. Temperature

Answer 37

Materials can expand and contract with various temperatures.
Often structures contain expansion joints to allow for movement.

Question 38

6. Earthquake Loads

Answer 38

Arise from acceleration of the ground below the structure.

Must determine the natural frequency of the structure before accounting for the earthquake forces.

Question 39

7. Other Loads

Answer 39

blast, machinery, fire or rain may need to be considered depending on circumstance.