Chapter 3

Question 1

Geosphere

Answer 1

soils and loose rocks on the surface

Question 2

hydrosphere

Answer 2

all water on earth’s surface

Question 3

crust

Answer 3

entirely of light elements

Question 4

mantle

Answer 4

beneath crust

Question 5

core

Answer 5

earth’s innermost layer

Question 6

lithosphere

Answer 6

layer that has crust and uppermost part of mantle

Question 7

asthenosphere

Answer 7

layer beneath the lithosphere

Question 8

tectonic plate

Answer 8

glide across the underlying asthenosphere

Question 9

chemical weathering

Answer 9

breaks down rocks

Question 10

erosion

Answer 10

transports materials somewhere else

Question 11

atmosphere

Answer 11

mixture of gasses

Question 12

troposphere

Answer 12

all the weather occurs in this layer

Question 13

stratosphere

Answer 13

separated from the troposphere extends from about 18 km

Question 14

ozone

Answer 14

a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms

Question 15

radiation

Answer 15

transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves

Question 16

conduction

Answer 16

transfer of energy in the form of heat

Question 17

convection

Answer 17

transfer of energy that takes place when variations in temperature

Question 18

greenhouse effect

Answer 18

gases absorb and reradiate infrared radiation

Question 19

water cycle

Answer 19

continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water

Question 20

evaporation

Answer 20

which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere

Question 21

condensation

Answer 21

water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles

Question 22

precipitation

Answer 22

large droplets fall from clouds as rain in a process

Question 23

salinity

Answer 23

of ocean water is the concentration of all the dissolved salts it contains

Question 24

fresh water

Answer 24

most of the freshwater is locked up in icecaps and glaciers that are large

Question 25

biosphere

Answer 25

is the narrow layer around earth's surface