Chapter 3

Question 1

Antibiotic

Answer 1

Chemical that can stop or slow the growth of bacteria. (kills bacteria without harming the human or animal host)

Question 2

Cell theory

Answer 2

All living things are made of cells. Every new cell comes from the division of a pre existing cell

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

Single celled organisms

Lack internal membrane- bound organelles

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

multi- cellular organism

membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus

Question 5

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have…

Answer 5

• A cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• DNA

Question 6

Only Eukaryotic cells have…

Answer 6

• A nucleus

- Many organelles

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

An organelle that contains the DNA

Question 8

Only Prokaryotic cells have…

Answer 8

• Their DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm
• No organelles
• Cell wall

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

rigid structure enclosing the cell membrane

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower-solute concentration to a higher-solute concentration

Question 11

Bacteria cells are either…

Answer 11

• Gram positive

- Gram negative

Question 12

Gram positive

Answer 12

Cell wall with a layer of Peptidoglycan that retains the gram stain

Question 13

Gram negative

Answer 13

Cell wall layer of Peptidoglycan surrounded by a lipid membrane that does not contain the gram stain

Question 14

Antibiotics target…

Answer 14

Prokaryotic cells

Question 15

All cells are surrounded by…

Answer 15

A cell membrane

Question 16

A cell membrane is …

Answer 16

A phospholid bilayer with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells

Question 17

The cell membrane is

Answer 17

Semipermeable

-Structure is partly hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 18

Large or hydrophilic molecules cross the membrane by assistance of…

Answer 18

Transport proteins

Question 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 19

Large or hydrophilic solutes move across a membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration with the help of transport proteins

Question 20

Active transport

Answer 20

Solutes are pumped from lower concentration to higher transportation with the help of transfer proteins
-requires energy

Question 21

Antibiotics target prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

-By using transport proteins

Question 22

Bacteria can resist antibiotics by using

Answer 22

-Transport proteins (pump out antibiotic)

Question 23

Eukaryotic cells are able to resist effects of…

Answer 23

Antibiotics

Question 24

True or False: Interpreting the genetic instructions takes place in the Nucleus?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the Nucleus surrounded by?

Answer 25

The nuclear envelope

Question 26

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 26

- Network of membrane covered pipes - Proteins and lipids are synthesized here - Rough ER - Smooth ER

Question 27

Golgi apparatus

Answer 27

- Stacked membrane discs | - Package and transport proteins

Question 28

Nucleus, ER and Golgi apparatus work together to...

Answer 28

Transport proteins

Question 29

Mitochondria

Answer 29

- The powerhouse of the cell - Extract energy from food - Converts energy to a useful form

Question 30

Chloroplasts

Answer 30

-Sites of photosynthesis (capture and convert sunlight energy into a useable form) -Plants and algae have them

Question 31

Lysosomes

Answer 31

- Breakdown worn-out cell parts or molecules | - Full of digestive enzymes

Question 32

Cytoskeleton

Answer 32

-Network of protein fibers

Question 33

Functions of cytoskeleton include...

Answer 33

cell support, cell movement and movement of structures within cells

Question 34

Endosymbosis Theory

Answer 34

Free living prokaryotic cells engulfed other free living prokaryotic cells a billion years ago, forming eukaryotic organelles