Chapter 3 : Adult Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Question 1

linear amplification

Answer 1

Oldest type of hearing aid amplification/amplifies all inputs the same amount / does not address nonlinear nature of SNHL / uses peak clipping to prevent LDL / causes some distortion at high input levels
Term

Question 2

ALD (assistive listening devices), examples

Answer 2

TV ears /fm system / alarm devices / caption call

Question 3

distortion

Answer 3

makes things louder but not clearer and hard to hear in background noise

Question 4

Hearing loss effects how many people

Answer 4

32 million

Question 5

what microphone mode best helps a user in noisy situations

Answer 5

directional

Question 6

how many people use hearing aids

Answer 6

4.5 million

Question 7

basic hearing aid structure

Answer 7

acoustic to mechanical
mechanical to acoustic
boosts electrical signal
electric to acoustic

Question 8

ITE Cons

Answer 8

visible hearing aid does not take advantage of pinna and concha / one piece design means it has to be sent in for common repairs like cerumen and moisture / need some dexterity to insert

Question 9

BTE Cons

Answer 9

large size / uncomfortable / does not take advantage of pinna and concha / mic above pinna is vulnerable to scalp sweat

Question 10

ITC Cons

Answer 10

easily dislodged / need dexterity to insert, remove, and adjust

Question 11

Digitally Controlled Analog

Answer 11

multiple parameters can be adjusted under computer control / allows more options in smaller size aids / one size fits all / can be adjusted easily as hearing loss progresses or fluctuates / memories for special listening situations

Question 12

Microphone Stage

Answer 12

acoustic to mechanical / mechanical to electric

Question 13

Amplifier Stage

Answer 13

boosts electrical signal

Question 14

What is Peak Clipping

Answer 14

when a signal is so loud a hearing aid does not reproduce that sound to prevent LDL

Question 15

Middle Ear Implant

Answer 15

Attached to the tympanic membrane, ossicular chain, and window membrane / the vibrant sound bridge is a middle ear implant / transformation of sound vibrations through electromagnetic device which directly move the ossicular chain / eliminates feed back, occlusion effect / cuts down on distortion

Question 16

What is a FM System

Answer 16

a wireless system that allows the transmission of a signal from a person wearing a microphone to a hearing aid user

Question 17

Ossicular Chain

Answer 17

3 bones in the middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) that connect the eardrum to the inner ear and help to amplify sounds

Question 18

What is the las stage before output to the external auditory meatus ?

Answer 18

Receiver Stage

Question 19

ITE Advantages

Answer 19

fits in concha / mic at ear canal level / mild to severe hearing loss

Question 20

When are hearing aids not enough

Answer 20

Attention Sounds

Question 21

Benefits of Cochlear Implants

Answer 21

can hear conversation and environment at comfortable levels / can hear warning signals / most have improved lip reading / improved communication in quiet and noise without lip reading / 35 - 51% can use phone better / better sentence recognition scores

Question 22

How does a cochlear implant work

Answer 22

inner coil is placed in a cavity in the skull during surgery / electrode array is placed through a cochleostomy. into the scala tympani / multichannel multi-electrode implants take advantage of tonotopic organization of the cochlea

Question 23

Analog

Answer 23

receivers and mics are analog / converts acoustic to mechanical to electric signal and back

Question 24

What is Attentuation

Answer 24

loss of auditory sensitvity

Question 25

What is recruitment

Answer 25

very small amount between most comfortable and leas comfortable level

Question 26

FMT

Answer 26

Floating mass transducer is a small portion of the middle ear implant that connects the implant to the stapes

Question 27

What part of a cochlear implant is placed into the cochlea

Answer 27

implanted electrode array

Question 28

what % use hearing aids

Answer 28

10-20%

Question 29

Name some implantable devices

Answer 29

bone anchored hearing aids / middle ear implants / cochlear implants / canal implants

Question 30

what type of amplification amplifies soft speech, average speech, and loud speech the same

Answer 30

compression

Question 31

which stage transforms acoustic, mechanical, and electrical signals

Answer 31

microphone stage

Question 32

What is ALD

Answer 32

Assistive listening devices provide assistance for special occasions

Question 33

CIC Cons

Answer 33

need extremely good dexterity to place and remove / easily lost due to small size / some circuitry not available in this size / feedback can be an issue / need to teach patient how to adjust, insert, remove, and clean

Question 34

Amplifier Stage

Answer 34

boosts electrical signal

Question 35

Receiver Stage

Answer 35

electrical to acoustic

Question 36

ITE Cons

Answer 36

visible / doesn't take advantage of pinna and concha / one piece design means the whole thing needs to be sent back for repairs for common problems like cerumen and moisture / need some dexterity to insert

Question 37

ITE Benefits

Answer 37

fits in concha/ mic at ear canal level / mild to severe hearing loss

Question 38

CIC Benefits

Answer 38

hidden in canal / full effect of auricle / receiver closer to tympanic membrane so requires less amplification

Question 39

BICROS

Answer 39

Use with bad hearing ear and worse hearing ear /, signal is sent from worse ear to bad ear / provides amplification to better hearing ear

Question 40

Year first all transistor hearing aid

Answer 40

1953

Question 41

Adult Selection Criteria for Cochlear Implants

Answer 41

bilateral severe to profound hearing loss / minimal benefit to conventional hearing aids / no medical contraindications for surgery / results best in post-lingual hearing loss

Question 42

Receiver Stage

Answer 42

electrical to acoustic

Question 43

Why do implants take advantage of tonotopic organization in the cochlea

Answer 43

multi-electrode implants in the cochlea are for specific frequencies and location is approximated by tonotopicity

Question 44

Microphone Stage

Answer 44

acoustic to mechanical / mechanical to electric

Question 45

3 factors of SNHL

Answer 45

attenuation recruitment distortion

Question 46

CROS

Answer 46

Route signal from one ear to the other/ used with one good hearing ear and one bad hearing ear / prevents head shadow effect / mic at bad ear sends signal to good ear

Question 47

What is dynamic range?

Answer 47

How soft and loud someone can hear and everything in between

Question 48

DSP

Answer 48

Latest technology / convert sound to numeric data / higher fidelity sound / allows for more complex algorithms for control of environment and noise

Question 49

Which hearing aids take advantage of the Pinna and concha

Answer 49

ITE ITC CIC

Question 50

People with hearing loss suffer from

Answer 50

emotional social communicative dysfunction

Question 51

What circuitry allows for an individuals dynamic range

Answer 51

Compression

Question 52

What component of SNHL does LDL indirectly measure

Answer 52

recruitment

Question 53

Three Main parts of cochlear implant

Answer 53

microphone speech processor implanted electrode array

Question 54

Which hearing AIDS require a custom ear mold

Answer 54

BTE / ITC

Question 55

ITC advantages

Answer 55

Only face sticks out into concha / wide range of hearing loss / mic at opening of ear canal / takes advantage of pinna and concha

Question 56

What implant utilizes an electromagnetic device to vibrate the ossicular chain

Answer 56

Middle ear implant

Question 57

Which do patients tend to prefer more peak clipping or nonlinear dynamic compression

Answer 57

Compression