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Surg 1060 > Chapter 3-Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 3-Anatomy Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structure-and relationship between body parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of functions of parts and as a the body whole

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3
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life, smallest living organism

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4
Q

3 main parts of a cell

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outer covering of cell that regulates what enters and leaves it.

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Clear-jelly like substance between cell membrane and nucleus contains cell fluid and organelles

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Functional center governs activity and heredity. Brain of cell, can duplicate cell.

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8
Q

Tissue and types

A

Group of cells that perform a specialized function.

Epithelial- covers external body and lining
Connective- provides support stores energy connects to other tissue (bone, fat, cartilage, blood)
Muscular- shortens and contracts
Nervous- carries messagesbetween body and brain

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9
Q

Organs

A

Contains 2 or more tissue that function together for a purpose

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10
Q

System

A

Group of organs that work together to carry out particular activity.

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11
Q

Skeletal system

5 main functions

A

206 bones, provide movement.

Give body shape and support
Allow movement
Protect vital organs
Produce blood cells
Store calcium
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12
Q

Tendon

A

Cord of Connective tissue. Fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

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13
Q

Ligament

A

Band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone

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14
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible conn: tissue (, ears and nose, ribs to sternum, lusnon between bones)

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15
Q

Ossification

A

Process where cartilage is replaced by bone

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16
Q

Joint and types

A

Place where 2 bones meet

Gliding- vertebrae
Ball and socket- bone with rounded head that fits into cups-allows. swing motion..
Pivot- allows turning motion
Hinge- allows front and back bending (elbows, knees)

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17
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lining of joint. Secretes synovial allied

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18
Q

Cortical

A

Compact pone, hard outer layer surrounded by periosteum ( forming bone and blood vessels)

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19
Q

Cancellous

A

Spongy bone, inner layer of bone

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20
Q

Skeletal system procedures

A

Craniotomy, anterior cervical jusich, PLIF, ORIF, TKA, THA, external fixation, hippinning trigger finger release, tibial ostectomy

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21
Q

Fascia

A

Band or sheet of fiborous conn. Tissue

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22
Q

Types of muscle tissue (3)

A

Skeletal- attached to bone by tendon
Smooth- flat sheet, involuntary and voluntary (breathing, movement of food and blood )
Cardiac- woven fibers throughout heart.invomuntaly

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23
Q

Muscular procedures

A

Faciotomy → incision into fiborars memo. To relieve pressure from injury /swollen muscle
Herniorinaphy- repairing cavity wall muscle layer
Rotator cuff - repair muscle and ligament of joint
ACL, muscle biopsy, tendon repair

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24
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord
Protected by meninges
Control center

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25
Brain
Main control unit of c.n.s 100 billion nerve cells. Divided into: cerebellum, cerebrum, brain steam
26
Cerebrum functions
Manage nerve impulses, control voluntary muscle contractions, interpret sensory info, influence personality, emotions and attitudes Largest part of Brain
27
Cerebellum
2nd largest controls muscle coordination, balance and posture
28
Brain stem
Controls many automatic body functions ( heart beat and breathing )
29
Peripheral nervous system
All nervous tissue outside the central nervous system
30
Eyes
Sclera - white portion protects Cornea- part of sclera In front of eye that is clear Choroid- middle layer Furnishes nourishment to eye via vessel.. Has iris (colored part), pupil (openingcontrols light entrance) Aqueous humor - watery fluid that fills anterior part of eye (between cornea and lens) retina- third layer, back of eye, lens focuses light on to retina. Vitreous humor- fluid filled gives eye shape
31
Ears
External: serves as a funnel to send sound to ear canal to tympanic membrane.. Middle: tight membrane to separate inner and middle ear. Vibrations enter middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) Inner:. Vibrations are passed through bones into fluid sac then into cochlea, semi-circular canals (body balance is regulated)
32
Nose
Has olfactory bulb at end of olfactory nerves
33
Tongue
Has test buds chemical sense. 4 tastes: Salty, bitter, sour, sweet
34
Skin
Largest body organ
35
Nervous system procedures
Craniotomy, carpal tunnel repair, ulna nerve transposition, cataract extraction with implant, corneal transplant , BMT, stapedectomy tympanoplasty STSG
36
Parts of endocrine system
Pituitary gland- master gland helps control activities of the glands regulates bp, growth hormones sexual-organs Thyroid- hormones regulate metabolism maintain ca and k Adrenal- stress increase hr and strength (flight + fight) Parathyroid - controls Ca in blood Pancreas- release insulin→ drops sugar, and glucagon → increases sugar Ovaries- produce estrogen and progesterone Testes- produce testosterone
37
Hormones
Chemical messenger travels through blood and act on target organ
38
Metabolism
Total chemical change by which, nutritional and functional activities of organism are maintained
39
Sperm
Male sex cell
40
Ovum
Female sexcell
41
Chromosome
Rod-shape → responsible for inherited characteristics passed from parent to child
42
Epididymis
A tube that carries sperm from, testes to vas deferens
43
Vas deferens
Duct that transfers sperm from epididymis to the seminal vesicles
44
Ejaculatory duct
Duct formed by seminal vesicles with Vans deferens, which semen moves
45
Seminal vesicles
Gland that produces semen
46
Prostate gland
Produce a quid element insemen that stimulates The movement of sperm
47
Vagina -
Muscular canal in female extends from opening to Neck of uterus
48
Cervix
Lower neck of uterus
49
Uterus
Where fetus develops
50
Endometrium
Lining of uterus
51
Fallopian tubes
Tubes tha convey the ova from ovary to uterus
52
Fimbriae
Finger-like projections extending from Fallopian tubes that pull eggs into tubes
53
Reproductive system procedures
Orchiopexy, TURP, radical prostatectomy, hysterectomy, BSO, endometrial abrasion,D and c, ectopic pregnancy, Pelviscopy, tubal ligation, vasectomy
54
Urinary and excretory system
Average excrete 1,000 -1800cc per-day
55
Kidneys
Organs remove excess water and waste substances from blood in a process that yields urine (nephron)
56
Ureters
Tube extending from kidney to bladder to move urine
57
Urinary bladder
Resouvior for urine
58
Liver
Filters blood to remove amino acids and neutralize some harmful toxins
59
Skin
Sweatglands process. perspiration Remove excess water salt and bodily waste and help cool body
60
Excretory procedures
Nephrectomy-remaral Lithotripsy Cytoscopy
61
Respiratory system
Supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
62
Nose
Organ of smell, filters air
63
Mouth
Opening, air and food enter, start of alimentary canal
64
Pharynx
Throat
65
Esophagus
Throat to stomach.
66
Larynx
Voice box, air passes through to lungs
67
Trachea
Windpipe, dividing into bronchi which air travels to wings
68
Bronchi
Main passage wayfrom trachea to lungs
69
Lungs
Main organ cf respiratory, removes Carbon from blood and transports oxygen to blood
70
Respiratory procedures
Thoracotomy, thoracoscopy pneumonectomy tracheotomy, lobectomy, laryngectomy, septoplasty ESS
71
Digestive system
Convert food into energy
72
Alimentary canal
Pathway food takes through digestive tract Approx, 30ft long Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus
73
Small intestine
Greatest amount of digestion and absorption of nutrients into body cells
74
Large intestine (colon)
Dehydrates digestive residue
75
Digestive procedures
Appendectomy, parotidectomy (removal of salivary gland , ) gastrectomy. Gastric-bypass, gastric banding, cholecystectomy, colectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy
76
Circulatory system
Delivers nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries carbon and waste away
77
Lumpnatic system
Rote is body defense against disease
78
Blood
Body contains 5- 7 L
79
Plasma
Largest blood component transports nutrients and helps remove waste
80
RBC
Carry oxygen life span 120 days produced In bone marrow
81
WBC
Help defend body from infection or invaders Life span hours to years Produced in done marrow
82
Platelets
Help blood clot Detach from bone marrow andenter stream Life span 10 days Enzymes create fibrin
83
Arteries
Carry blood away from heart
84
Veins
Carry blood back toneart
85
Capillaries
Connection between arteries and veins
86
Atria
Upper 2 Chambers of heart
87
Ventricks
Lower 2 Chambers of heart
88
Aorta
Largest bloodressel
89
Circulatory procedures
Tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy,(removal oftonsils) av fistula aaa hemorrnoidectomy, CABG, carotid endarterectomy

Surg 1060 (7 decks)

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