Chapter 3 anatomy and physiology

Question 1

the structure of organisms

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

the functions and activities of organisms

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

the basic structural and functional unit or all organisms

Answer 3

cell

Question 4

tissue that connects, protects, and forms a framework for all body structures

Answer 4

connective tissue

Question 5

what are the 5 types of membranes?

Answer 5

1. cutaneous - skin
2. epithelial
3. serous
4. connective tissue
5. meninx - brain and spinal cord

Question 6

what are the 3 division planes?

Answer 6

1. frontal - front and back
2. sagittal - left and right
3. transverse - upper and lower

Question 7

what are the 2 body cavities?

Answer 7

1. dorsal (top) - cranial and spinal
2. ventral (bottom) - thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, pelvic

Question 8

what organs are in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 8

liver and gallbladder

Question 9

what organs are in the right lower quadrant?

Answer 9

cecum and appendix

Question 10

what organs are in the left upper quadrant?

Answer 10

spleen and body of pancreas

Question 11

what organ is in the left lower quadrant?

Answer 11

sigmoid colon

Question 12

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

Answer 12

R hypochondriac-epigastric-L hypochondriac
R lumbar-umbilical-L lumbar
R iliac-hypogastric-L iliac

Question 13

what are the three layers of skin from outermost to innermost?

Answer 13

1. epidermis
2. dermis
3. subcutaneous

Question 14

a band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Answer 14

tendon

Question 15

a band or sheet of fibrous tissue that connects 2 or more bones

Answer 15

ligament

Question 16

what are the 2 nervous systems?

Answer 16

1. central nervous system
2. peripheral nervous system

Question 17

what are the 4 main parts of the brain?

Answer 17

1. cerebrum
2. cerebellum
3. diencephalon
4. brainstem

Question 18

what is contained in the central nervous system?

Answer 18

the brain and spinal cord

Question 19

what is contained in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 19

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 20

a hormone release by the kidneys that regulates RBC formation

Answer 20

erythropoietin

Question 21

compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells

Answer 21

hemoglobin

Question 22

the stoppage of bleeding

Answer 22

hemostasis

Question 23

the measure of packed RBC’s

Answer 23

hematocrit

Question 24

the clumping of RBC’s

Answer 24

agglutination

Question 25

what are the blood types for universal donors and recipients?

Answer 25

donor - O neg recipient - AB pos

Question 26

what is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

Answer 26

thrombus - blood clot embolus - moving blood clot

Question 27

what are the 4 layers of the heart from outermost to innermost?

Answer 27

1. pericardium 2. epicardium 3. myocardium 4. endocardium

Question 28

what is the difference between systole and diastole?

Answer 28

systole - contraction diastole - relaxation

Question 29

arteries carry blood ___ veins carry blood ___

Answer 29

arteries - away from the heart veins - to the heart

Question 30

the body system that returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and protects the body against disease

Answer 30

lymphatic system

Question 31

an instrument that measures the volume of air moving in and out of the lungs

Answer 31

spirometer

Question 32

inspiration is air ___ expiration is air ___

Answer 32

inspiration - into lungs expiration - out of lungs

Question 33

the physical and chemical processes that take place in an organism

Answer 33

metabolism

Question 34

core temperature is ___ shell temperature is ___

Answer 34

core - temp around organs shell - temp near skins surface

Question 35

what are the 3 stages of male sperm cells from beginning to end

Answer 35

- spermatogonia/um - spermatocyte - spermatozoa

Question 36

what are the 3 stages of female egg cells from beginning to end

Answer 36

- oogonium/a - oocyte - ovum

Question 37

the release of an ovum into the ovary

Answer 37

ovulation

Question 38

what is the area between the vagina and anus?

Answer 38

perineum

Question 39

neonatal is ___ postnatal is ___

Answer 39

neonatal - first 4 weeks after birth postnatal - begins at birth, ends at death

Question 40

the energy necessary to keep the body functioning at the minimal level

Answer 40

basal metabolism

Question 41

what are the 3 sections of vertabrae and how many are in each?

Answer 41

1. cervical - 7 2. thoracic - 12 3. lumbar - 5

Question 42

which hormone stimulates uterine contractions?

Answer 42

oxytocin

Question 43

what separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 43

diaphragm

Question 44

what is malfunctioning in patients with diabetes?

Answer 44

pancreas

Question 45

what do leukocytes defend the body against?

Answer 45

infection

Question 46

what do neutrophils indicate?

Answer 46

inflammation

Question 47

what to basophils indicate?

Answer 47

allergies

Question 48

what do eosinophils indicate?

Answer 48

infections and allergies

Question 49

what do monocytes indicate?

Answer 49

autoimmune diseases

Question 50

what do lymphocytes indicate?

Answer 50

infection, cancer, or inflammation

Question 51

a system or glands which secretions coordinate body functions (ex:hormones)

Answer 51

endocrine system

Question 52

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine from beginning to end?

Answer 52

1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum

Question 53

what organ acts as the bodies control center - sending messages to other parts of the body?

Answer 53

brain

Question 54

what organ pumps blood throughout the body?

Answer 54

heart

Question 55

what organ oxygenates blood by filtering incoming air and removing excess C02?

Answer 55

lungs

Question 56

what organ acts as a filter for blood and harmful substances as well as produces bile?

Answer 56

liver

Question 57

what organ has nephrons which filter waste to create urine?

Answer 57

kidneys

Question 58

what organ stores and releases bile to aid in digestion?

Answer 58

gallbladder

Question 59

what organ produces enzymes and insulin to break down food/glucose to create energy?

Answer 59

pancreas

Question 60

what organ helps break down and digest food using its muscles and enzymes?

Answer 60

stomach

Question 61

group of tubes that filter waste, absorb water and enzymes, and digest food?

Answer 61

intestines

Question 62

what organ helps control the levels of RBC's, WBC's, and platelets?

Answer 62

spleen

Question 63

what type of graft is a persons own tissue from one part to another?

Answer 63

autograft

Question 64

what type of graft is animal tissue to human?

Answer 64

heterograft

Question 65

what type of graft is tissue from one human to another?

Answer 65

homograft

Question 66

what type of graft is tissue from identical twins?

Answer 66

isograft

Question 67

what is contained in the somatic nervous system?

Answer 67

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 68

what is contained in the autonomic system?

Answer 68

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 69

a bone that provides muscular attachment and also serves to protect the body's vital organs or sensitive areas (ex: scapula)

Answer 69

flat bone

Question 70

a hollow part or cavity in an organ

Answer 70

ventricle