Chapter 3: Aquatic Vegetation Management

Question 1

True or false: the planned use of a body of water often determines the need for management or control of aquatic plants

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Many _____ may be pests in some situations and desirable in others depending on their abundance, use of waters they inhibit, or personal values of people using or living near the water

Answer 2

Aquatic plants

Question 3

The application of ____ and ____ to aquatic environment management offers the best solution for meeting the diverse interests of all water users.

Answer 3

Science and policy

Question 4

Aquatic weeds are usually separated into four broad categories based on their life form: __, ___, ___, ____,

Answer 4

Algae
Emersed
Submersed
Floating vascular plants

Question 5

True or false: the first step toward prevention or control of aquatic weeds is to correctly identify them

Answer 5

True. Most control methods are aimed at specific plants or groups of plants

Question 6

____ are the most primitive plants in structure and organization. They are also the most common and uniformly disturbed.

Answer 6

Algae

Question 7

____ are unicellular and capable of carrying out all life processes without specialized tissue such as leaves, roots, or stems.

Answer 7

Algae

Question 8

Under conditions of ____ and phosphorus levels and during hot calm sunny weather, algae multiply rapidly.

Answer 8

High nitrogen

Question 9

Algae accumulates in large masses called ___.

Answer 9

Blooms

Question 10

The two types of algae are ____ and ___.

Answer 10

Filamentous and plankton

Question 11

_____ algae consist of long stringy hair like filaments that form in mats or pond scums during summer. Can be seen in plain sight. Can also form a green fur like coating on stones.

Answer 11

Filamentous

Question 12

____ algae are commonly single cell or small colonial groups. Each ounce of water can contain millions of microscopic algae. In large numbers, they can color the water. Upon death, they can release foul odors and release toxins.

Answer 12

Plankton

Question 13

True or false: filamentous algae can release toxins upon death that could be toxic to humans and animals.

Answer 13

False. Plankton algae can.

Question 14

True or false: vascular plants are less complex than algae in structure and organization.

Answer 14

False. They are more complex.

Question 15

What type of plant has specialized tissues such as roots, leaves, stems, and flowers?

Answer 15

Vascular plants

Question 16

____ plants could be annuals or perennials.

Answer 16

Vascular

Question 17

What type of plant is rooted or anchored in the bottom soil but has most of the leaf-stem tissue above water?

Answer 17

Emersed plants

Question 18

True or false: emersed plants parts above water rise and fall with the changes in water level.

Answer 18

False. The portion of the plant above water does not move. For example, cattails.

Question 19

____ plants grow with all or most of the vegetative tissue below the water surface. They are either free floating or more often rooted to the bottom. Example: pondweed

Answer 19

Submersed

Question 20

__ plants are either free floating or anchored to the bottom while most of the plants tissues are above water. Example: water lilly

Answer 20

Floating

Question 21

Proper design of ___ and ___ are important factors in preventative weed control.

Answer 21

Ponds and ditches

Question 22

For weed control is shallow water or steep banks more beneficial?

Answer 22

Steep banks. With a 1:1 or 1:15 slope until a depth of at least three feet help prevent the establishment of many emergency weeds.

Question 23

When constructing a pond or reservoir what should be removed before filling with water?

Answer 23

Fertile topsoil

Question 24

True or false: water can be lowered to expose plants as a form of weed control. This will either freeze or dry the plants for several months

Answer 24

True: depending on the situation. For example, it is not practice to drain canals in the summer months. The species of plant and seasonal growing period will determine practicality of this method

Question 25

What type of control includes mowing, raking, digging, and pulling weeds?

Answer 25

Mechanical control

Question 26

True or false: mechanical control methods may sometimes spread the infestation.

Answer 26

True. Attempts to dislodge plants or dragging a chain on the bottom may spread the infestation because weeds can grow from the fragments that float downstream.

Question 27

What type of control employs plant or animal agents to control vegetation?

Answer 27

Biological

Question 28

What four primary factors should you consider when considering and herbicide?

Answer 28

Characteristics of environment: population, plant stage growth Water use: human use, livestock, fish production Characteristics of water: temp, depth, quality Herbicide: label, restrictions

Question 29

What type of formulation is best used for algae or submersed plants because it sinks to the bottom?

Answer 29

Granular

Question 30

Advantages of ____ herbicides include: treatment is confined to bottom where plants are rooted Provides long contact time with plants Formulated to be non toxic to fish

Answer 30

Granular

Question 31

True or false: granular herbicides work well in flowing water.

Answer 31

False. They are best used in static water.

Question 32

True or false: there are few herbicides available for control of weeds in flowing water.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Copper sulfate is available for use in flowing water to control ____

Answer 33

Algae

Question 34

True or false: copper sulfate is toxic to trout and other fish

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or false: xylene and acrolein are approved for use in flowing water

Answer 35

True

Question 36

True or false: xylene and acrolein are highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms

Answer 36

True