(chapter 3) atomic structure

Question 2

What are the three main sub-atomic particles?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons are located in electron shells around the nucleus.

Question 3

What is an atom?

Answer 3

The smallest particle that can still be an element

Atoms make up all matter and have no overall charge.

Question 4

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 4

In the nucleus

The nucleus is the central part of the atom.

Question 5

What charge do protons carry?

Answer 5

Positive charge (+1)

Protons are one of the heavier particles in an atom.

Question 6

What charge do neutrons carry?

Answer 6

Neutral charge (0)

Neutrons are found in the nucleus and have no electrical charge.

Question 7

What charge do electrons carry?

Answer 7

Negative charge (-1)

Electrons are extremely tiny and move very quickly around the nucleus.

Question 8

What is the relationship between protons and electrons in an atom?

Answer 8

The number of protons equals the number of electrons

This balance makes atoms electrically neutral.

Question 9

What are nucleons?

Answer 9

Protons and neutrons

Nucleons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 10

What is the role of electron shells?

Answer 10

Contain electrons around the nucleus

Electron shells are layers where electrons are located.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Atoms of different elements behave in a different way due to different numbers of _______.

Answer 11

sub-atomic particles

The variation in sub-atomic particles leads to different chemical properties.

Question 12

True or False: Atoms can have an overall charge.

Answer 12

False

Atoms are electrically neutral due to equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Question 13

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 13

1

Protons and neutrons have a relative mass of 1 unit.

Question 14

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 14

1

Protons and neutrons have a relative mass of 1 unit.

Question 15

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 15

1/1840

An electron has a mass roughly 1840 times less than that of a proton or neutron.

Question 16

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 16

+1

Question 17

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 17

0

Neutrons are neutral and free of charge.

Question 18

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 18

-1

Question 19

Where are protons located in an atom?

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

Where are neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Answer 21

Electron shell

Question 22

What is nuclide notation used for?

Answer 22

To represent the proton and nucleon numbers of an atom

Nuclide notation provides a clear way to identify different isotopes of an element.

Question 23

What does the nucleon number indicate?

Answer 23

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 24

What does the proton number represent?

Answer 24

The number of protons in an atom, which defines the type of element

Question 25

How can you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 25

Subtract the proton number from the nucleon number

Question 26

True or False: An atom is electrically neutral.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The atomic symbol of an element is used to identify the _______.

Answer 27

element type

Question 28

What can the proton number tell us about different elements?

Answer 28

That they have different numbers of protons

Question 29

What is the significance of the atomic symbol in nuclide notation?

Answer 29

It identifies the element and its isotopes

Question 30

What is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons?

Answer 30

An ion ## Footnote Ions can be positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions) depending on whether electrons are lost or gained.

Question 31

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 31

-1 ## Footnote This negative charge impacts the overall charge of the atom when electrons are gained or lost.

Question 32

What happens to the charge of an atom when it gains electrons?

Answer 32

It becomes more negative ## Footnote Each electron gained adds a -1 charge.

Question 33

What happens to the charge of an atom when it loses electrons?

Answer 33

It becomes more positive ## Footnote Each electron lost adds a +1 charge.

Question 34

What does the proton number indicate?

Answer 34

The element of the atom ## Footnote The proton number is unique to each element and does not change even if the nucleon number varies.

Question 35

How do you find the number of neutrons in isotopes?

Answer 35

Subtract the proton number from the nucleon number ## Footnote This calculation provides the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Question 36

What is the symbol for a calcium ion with a +2 charge?

Answer 36

Ca²⁺ ## Footnote This symbol indicates that the calcium ion has lost 2 electrons.

Question 37

How many protons and neutrons does a calcium ion have?

Answer 37

20 protons and 20 neutrons ## Footnote The ion has a different number of electrons compared to the neutral atom.

Question 38

What is the net charge of a calcium ion with 18 electrons?

Answer 38

+2 ## Footnote The calcium ion has 2 more protons than electrons.

Question 39

What is the symbol for an oxide ion?

Answer 39

O²⁻ ## Footnote The oxide ion has gained 2 electrons compared to the neutral oxygen atom.

Question 40

What is the charge of a negatively charged ion?

Answer 40

Indicates the number of electrons gained ## Footnote The charge number reflects how many electrons the atom has gained.

Question 41

What are isotopes?

Answer 41

Atoms of the same element with different nucleon numbers ## Footnote Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 42

How do neutrons affect an atom?

Answer 42

They affect the total mass but not the electrical charge ## Footnote Neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus.

Question 43

What are the names of the three isotopes of hydrogen based on their nucleon numbers?

Answer 43

Hydrogen-1, Hydrogen-2, Hydrogen-3 ## Footnote These isotopes differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Question 44

What is the relationship between protons and the atomic number?

Answer 44

The number of protons is equal to the atomic number ## Footnote This relationship is fundamental in defining the identity of an element.

Question 45

What is an isotope?

Answer 45

An isotope is a variant of a chemical element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 46

What is the nuclide notation for hydrogen-1?

Answer 46

H

Question 47

What is the nuclide notation for hydrogen-2?

Answer 47

H

Question 48

What is the nuclide notation for hydrogen-3?

Answer 48

H

Question 49

How many protons does hydrogen-1 have?

Answer 49

1

Question 50

How many neutrons does hydrogen-1 have?

Answer 50

0

Question 51

How many electrons does hydrogen-1 have?

Answer 51

1

Question 52

What is the proton number of hydrogen-2?

Answer 52

1

Question 53

What is the nucleon number of hydrogen-2?

Answer 53

2

Question 54

How many protons does hydrogen-3 have?

Answer 54

1

Question 55

How many neutrons does hydrogen-3 have?

Answer 55

2

Question 56

How many electrons does hydrogen-3 have?

Answer 56

1

Question 57

What are some physical properties that isotopes may differ in?

Answer 57

Density, melting point, boiling point

Question 58

How many electrons does a sodium ion with a +1 charge have?

Answer 58

10

Question 59

What is the nuclide notation for sulfur atoms?

Answer 59

S