chapter 3 - bio human body Flashcards
(34 cards)
parts of the excretory system
kidneys, bladder, and urethra
functions of the digestive system
takes in food, digests food, excretes solid waste
two types of digestion
mechanical/physical and chemical
mechanical digestion
physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion
breakdown of food molecules into usable parts
enzymes
biological chemicals used for chemical digestion
the mouth
where food enters the body
food is broken down by teeth and starch is broken down by saliva
esophagus
tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
salivary amylase
chemical used for chemical breakdown of starch in the mouth
epiglottis
connective tissue that closes over the windpipe
directs food down the esophagus
stomach
muscular bags
sphincter
muscular ring that controls the entry and exit of food to the stomach
(stomach) gastric juices
hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin
stomach mucus
protects the stomach wall from gastric juice
chyme
foods liquid form after digestion
small intestine
main site of chemical digestion
absorption
nutrient molecules diffuse through the small intestine walls into the bloodstream
no energy required
villi
finger like projections lining the small intestine giving extra surface area for diffusion
large intestine
absorbing water, vitamins, and salts from indigestible food matter
liver
produces bile that breaks down fat so its easier to digest
gallbladder
stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed
pancreas function
produces digestive enzymes and produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels
functions of the circulatory system
TRANSPORTS nutrients, oxygen, and wastes
Components of the circulatory system (3)
Blood, heart, blood vessels
