Chapter 3 Biochemistry Flashcards
Organic compounds
Compounds composed mostly out of carbon
Functional group
A cluster of atoms found in most organic compounds. Influences characteristics of molecules they compose
Monomer
A small simple molecule
Polymer
Chain of many individual things
Macromolecule
A large polymer
Condensation reaction
The reaction in which monomers link to form polymers
Hydrolysis
A reaction where water is used to break apart a polymer
Adenosine triphospate (ATP)
A compound that stores energy
Carbohydrate
An organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
Monosaccharide
Monomer of a carbohudrate Aka simple sugar. Contains a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon hydrogen oxygen
Disaccharide
Aka double sugar. Two monosaccharides combine through condensation reaction, forming this.
Polysaccharide
A complex molecule made of three or more monosaccharides
Protein
A organic compound made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Amino acid
A monomer. Building block of life, forms proteins when linked.
Peptide bond
A covalent bond formed when a dipeptide is made. (Two amino acids bond)
Polypeptide
A very long chain of amino acids. Proteins are made of these
Enzyme
A RNA or protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst
Substrate
The reactant being catalysed by an enzyme
Active site
Folds in an enzyme that allow a substrate to be catalysed by having a specific shape to fit a substrate
Lipid
A large nonpolar (equal charge throughout) molecule that doesn’t dissolve in water.
Fatty acid
An unbranched carbon chain. These make up most lipids
Phospholipid
Lipids that have two opposed to three fatty acids attached to glycerol. It has a phosphate group attached to where the third fatty acid would be
Wax
A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain
Steroid
A molecule composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them
