Chapter 3: Biological Macromoleucle

Question 1

5’ end

Answer 1

phosphate group attached to it

Question 2

3’ end

Answer 2

hydroxyl group attached to it

Question 3

Alpha helix

Answer 3

protein secondary structure; cylindrical shape

Question 4

Amino

Answer 4

left side of dipeptide

Question 5

Amino acid

Answer 5

contain amino group and a carboxyl group

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

energy currency of the cell

Question 7

Beta Sheet

Answer 7

protein secondary structure; planar shape

Question 8

Isomer

Answer 8

organic molecules having the same molecular or empirical formula can exist in different forms

Question 9

Carbon

Answer 9

carbon atoms may bind to other carbon atoms, or to atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, or sulfur.

Question 10

Carbonyl

Answer 10

carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 11

Carboxyl

Answer 11

proteins, lipids

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

a long molecule built by linking together a large number of small, similar chemical subunits

Question 13

Complementary base

Answer 13

bases that participate in base-pairing

Question 14

C-terminus

Answer 14

right side of dipeptide; called carboxy

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

stores genetic information; double strands; Thymine; 2’-Deoxyribose sugar; “double helix”; anti-parallel arrangement

Question 16

Denaturation

Answer 16

proteins can be denatured when the pH, temperature, or ionic concentration of the surrounding solution changes

Question 17

Deoxyribose

Answer 17

a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen. found in DNA

Question 18

Purine

Answer 18

large, double-ring molecules found in both DNA and RNA; 2 types are Adenine and Guanine

Question 19

Disulfide bonds

Answer 19

in proteins are formed between the thiol groups of cysteine residues by the process of oxidative folding.

Question 20

Quaternary structure

Answer 20

interaction between 2 or more polypeptides (subunits); generated by same types of bonds that produce tertiary structure

Question 21

RNA

Answer 21

single stranded; uracil; ribose sugar

Question 22

Secondary structure

Answer 22

two types: alpha helix and beta sheet; depends on noncovalent H bonds between nearby amino acid subunits

Question 23

Hydrocarbon

Answer 23

composed of hydrogen and carbon

Question 24

Hydroxyl

Answer 24

functional group found in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 25

N-terminus

Answer 25

left side of dipeptide; called Amino

Question 26

Macromolecule

Answer 26

very large molecule, such as a protein

Question 27

Purine

Answer 27

large, double-ring molecules found in both DNA and RNA; 2 types are Adenine and Guanine

Question 28

Pyrimidine

Answer 28

single ringed molecules; Cytosine (DNA & RNA), Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA)

Question 29

Quaternary structure

Answer 29

interaction between 2 or more polypeptides (subunits); generated by same types of bonds that produce tertiary structure

Question 30

R group

Answer 30

called side chain; determines the chemical properties of each amino acid

Question 31

RNA

Answer 31

single stranded; uracil; ribose sugar

Question 32

Secondary structure

Answer 32

two types: alpha helix and beta sheet; depends on noncovalent H bonds between nearby amino acid subunits

Question 33

Tertiary structure

Answer 33

generated by interactions between amino acids far apart in sequence

Question 34

Nucleotide

Answer 34

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 35

Peptide bond

Answer 35

a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O)

Question 36

Phosphate group

Answer 36

attached to one end of the glycerol

Question 37

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 37

a chemical bond of the kind joining successive sugar molecules in a polynucleotide.

Question 38

Polypeptide

Answer 38

chains in proteins; composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 39

Primary structure

Answer 39

of a protein is its amino acid sequence

Question 40

Protein

Answer 40

A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen.

Question 41

Ribose

Answer 41

sugar found in RNA

Question 42

Sulfhydryl

Answer 42

functional group found in proteins

Question 43

Tertiary structure

Answer 43

generated by interactions between amino acids far apart in sequence

Question 44

Hydrolysis

Answer 44

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.