Chapter 3 - Building a Foundation

Question 1

is the way the body deals with medications

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

is what the drug does to the body

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Question 3

are the components on the cell surface that can react with drugs, viruses, or other chemicals

Answer 3

Receptor sites

Question 4

is where the safest and most effective treatment will occur

Answer 4

Therapeutic Window

Question 5

; time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the plasma

Answer 5

Half-Life

Question 6

is a biological condition that occurs when the body adapts to a substance after repeated administration. Over time, higher doses are required to produce the same initial effect.

Answer 6

Tolerance

Question 7

is a drug that attaches to a receptor and blocks the normal action of the cell

Answer 7

Antagonist

Question 8

explains why PO medications are often administered at a higher dose then parenteral medications

ie. If you give Acetaminophen PO, before it reaches the bloodstream it gets broken down by enzymes and bound to protein, so the little bit of drug that does reach the blood stream is bound and un-active, not creating much therapeutic effect.
where as giving IV = immediate entrance in blood = strong therapeutic effect

Answer 8

First Pass Effect

Question 9

Sometimes we need a ‘jump start’ in order to reach the therapeutic effect of a drug, which is called a ______ ______

Answer 9

Loading dose

Question 10

a drug that attaches to a receptor and mimics the normal action of the cell

Answer 10

Agonist

Question 11

taking multiple medications concurrently is referred to as

Answer 11

Polypharmacy

Question 12

refers to the amount of medication required to produce the desired effect

Answer 12

Potency

Question 13

is the binding strength of a medication

Answer 13

Affinity

Question 14

is the ability of a medication to produce a desired or intended result

Answer 14

Efficacy

Question 15

studies the changes in enzyme structure and function based on genetic presentation

Answer 15

Pharmacogenetics

Question 16

are how some people respond in an unexpected and unexplained way to medications

Answer 16

Idiosyncratic Responses

Question 17

• A hyper-response of the immune system
• Signs vary in severity
• Requires a previous exposure (or to a similar drug)

Answer 17

Allergy

Question 18

• Harmful effects of drugs
• Can be acute or chronic
• Reversible or irreversible
• Effects to the body vary
• Some toxicities are managed with antidotes

Answer 18

Toxicity

Question 19

• Antineoplastics
• NSAIDs
• Anticonvulsants

Answer 19

Bone Marrow Toxicity

common classifications of drugs

Question 20

Antineoplastics

Answer 20

Cardiotoxicity common classifications

Question 21

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Answer 21

Dermatological toxicity common classifications

Question 22

statins

Answer 22

Skeletal Muscle toxicity common classes

Question 23

Statins,

acetaminophen

Answer 23

Hepatotoxicity common classifications

Question 24

ACE inhibitors
NSAIDS
Loop diuretics

Answer 24

Nephrotoxicity common classifications

Question 25

Loop diuretics (ototoxicity)

Answer 25

Neurotoxicity common classifications

Question 26

__________ occurs after drugs enter the body and travel from the site of administration into the body's circulation

Answer 26

Absorption

Question 27

the process by which medication is dispersed throughout the body via the blood stream

Answer 27

Distribution

Question 28

the process of a drug being broken down (primarily in the body's chemical processing plant: the liver)

Answer 28

Metabolism

Question 29

final stage of medication interaction in the body; remaining parent drugs and metabolites in the bloodstream are often filtered by the kidney, where a portion undergoes reabsorption back into the bloodstream, and the remainder is excreted in the urine

Answer 29

Excretion

Question 30

Patient Education

Answer 30

Food and drug interactions How interacts with alcohol/other recreational drugs Signs of toxicity (when to call 911 or doctor) How it may alter/affect daily life When (what time of day) should they take it) When will it reach therapeutic range Loading doses ("jump start") and maintenance doses How to take drug (food, water, not crushed, on an empty stomach) Not to abruptly stop taking meds (talk to doctor about tapering)