Chapter 3 Cells

Question 1

What is Cell Theory?

Answer 1

The idea that all living matter consists of cells

Question 2

What is a confocal microscope?

Answer 2

A microscope that focuses a laser to increase resolution

Question 3

What is a transmission electron microscope?

Answer 3

A microscope that sends a beam of electrons through a thin slice of a speciment

Question 4

What is a scanning electron microscope?

Answer 4

A microscope that scans a beam of electrons over the surface of a metal-coated three-dimensional specimen

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Nucleic acid responsible for genetic information

Question 6

RNA

Answer 6

Nucleic acid that participates in protein production

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

Structure that manufactures proteins

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

All cell contents except for the nucleus

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

The fluid portion of cytoplasm

Question 10

Cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 10

Structure that separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment

Question 11

What allows bacteria to move/swim?

Answer 11

Their tails called Flagella

Question 12

What is a cell membrane composed of?

Answer 12

Phospholipids

Question 13

In a phospholipid, glycerol binds to how many fatty acids

Answer 13

Two. the third carbon binds to a phosphate group

Question 14

What are transport proteins

Answer 14

Proteins that create passageways for ions, glucose, and other polar substances

Question 15

What are recognition proteins?

Answer 15

Carbs attached to a cell surface protein to help the immune system recognize its own cells

Question 16

What are adhesion proteins?

Answer 16

They help cells stick to each other

Question 17

What are receptor proteins?

Answer 17

Bind molecules outside the cell and trigger a response INSIDE the cell

Question 18

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 18

Eukaryotic organelles that exchange materials in transport vesicles

Question 19

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 19

The two membranes bounding a cells nucleus

Question 20

What is the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER?

Answer 20

A network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes

Question 21

What part of the ER are proteins synthesized?

Answer 21

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What part of the ER are lipids produced, and detoxifies poisons

Answer 22

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

What is the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 23

A series of flattened sacs, proteins are sorted and processed as they move through the Golgi Apparatus

Question 24

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 24

Enzymatically dismantles molecules, bacteria, and worn out cell parts. Buds from the Golgi Apparatus,

Question 25

What is a vacuole?

Answer 25

A membrane-bounded storage sac in the cell.

Question 26

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 26

Membrane-bounded sacs that house enzymes that break down fatty acid and dispose of toxic chemicals

Question 27

What do mitochondria do?

Answer 27

Extracts energy from nutrients, houses the reactions of cellular respiration in eukaryotes. (ATP)

Question 28

What is chloroplast?

Answer 28

The site of photosynthesis

Question 29

What is a cytoskeleton?

Answer 29

A framework of protein rods and tubules in eukaryotic cells

Question 30

What are the three major components of cytoskeletons?

Answer 30

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Question 31

What is a microfilament?

Answer 31

Composed of a protein, actin, important for muscle contraction, stretching, and compressiong

Question 32

What are intermediate filaments?

Answer 32

Varies in protein form. Help maintain cells shape, and helps bind cells together

Question 33

What are microtubules?

Answer 33

Forms a trackway along which substances move within a cell.

Question 34

What are centrosomes?

Answer 34

Part of the cell that organizes microtubules

Question 35

What are cilia?

Answer 35

Short, numerous extensions, allows for the cells to swim

Question 36

What are plasmodesmata?

Answer 36

Channels that connect adjacent cells

Question 37

What fuses animal cells together?

Answer 37

Tight junctions that prevent fluid from flowing past the cell Anchoring junctions anchor skin cells in place intermediate filaments Gap junctions allow cytoplasm to flow between them