CHAPTER 3: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
It is a systematic approach to EVALUATE AND MEASURE psychological disorders
A
Clinical assessment
2
Q
It is the process of determing disorder using the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5
A
Diagnosis
3
Q
Two ways to assess psychological disorders
A
Clinical assessment
Diagnosis
4
Q
What are the three basic concepts to determine the value of clinical assessment
A
Validity, reliability and standardization
5
Q
It is degree of which the measurement is consistent
A
reliability
6
Q
It is degree of which the measurement is design to measure
A
Validity
7
Q
It is the application of certain standards to ensure CONSISTENCY accross different measurement
A
Standardization
8
Q
What are the 6 strategies for clinical assessment?
A
Clinical interview, MSE, Semistructured Clinical Interview, Physical Examination, Behavioral assessment and Observational assessment
9
Q
It is the CORE of most clinical work
A
Clinical interview
10
Q
It is the systematic observation of behavior
A
MSE
11
Q
It is two or more raters with the same results
A
Interrater reliability
12
Q
It is two tests with the same result which the briefer one is selected
A
concurrent validity
13
Q
It is what will happen to future
A
predictive validity
14
Q
How many categories are there in MSE?
A
5 categories
15
Q
A category which observed overt behavior, attire, appearance, posture and expressions
A
Appearance and behavior
16
Q
A category which observed rate of speech, continuity of speech and content of speech
A
Thought process
17
Q
A category which observed predominant feeling state if the individual, feeling state accompanying individual says
A
Mood and affect
18
Q
A category which observed type of vocabulary, use of abstractions and metaphors
A
Intellectual functioning
19
Q
A category which observed awareness of surroundings
“oriented times three”
A
Sensorium
20
Q
It is the privileged communication
A
Confidentiality
21
Q
It is the assessment which has the DIRECT observation to formally assess the patients
A
Behavioral assessment
22
Q
It is assessment which is alternative to arrange the SIMILAR LIFE SITUATION used by the analyst
A
Analogue assessment
23
Q
Assessment used to observe the ABC
A
Observational assessment
24
Q
It is the overactive thyroid gland
A
hyperthyroidism
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It is the underactive thyroid gland
hyporthyroidism
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Withdrawal of cocain leads to ___
panic attacks
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Hyperthyroidism leads to ____.
GAD
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Hyporthyroidism leads to ____.
depression
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Tumor leads to____.
Delusion/hallucination
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Assessment that uses questions that are paraphrased to elicit useful information
Semistructured interview
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ABC means
Antecedent, behavior, Consequences
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It is happened before the behavior
Antecedent
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It is happened after the behavior
Consequences
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Operational definition
| Identify the specific behaviors that are observable and measurable to know the treatment
Formal observation
35
Observer's recollection and interpretaion of events
Informal observation
36
What are the two tests of psychological test?
Projective test and personality test (objective test)
37
It has ambigous stimuli
Projective test
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It has straightforward answer
Personality test/inventory
39
Three examples of projective test
Sentence completion test, Rosrschach test and TAT
40
He established the Rorschach
Hermann Rorschach
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They established the TAT
Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray
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It has 30 cards, 31 pictures, 1 blank card
TAT
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It has 10 inkblot pictures
Rorschach Inkblot
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What are the purpose of TAT and rorschach?
Uncover the unconscious mind
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Who are the analyst used the projective test?
Psychoanalyst
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It tells dramatic story about the pictures
TAT
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It has a straightforward description of the picture
Rorschach Inkblot
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What is the example of Personality test or inventory?
MMPI
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What is MMPI
MMPI stands for Minnoseta Multiphasic Personality Inventory
50
What is the disadvantage of MMPI to TAT and Rorschach?
Time and long test
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It has 500 items of structured test
MMPI 1
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This version of MMPI for adolescents
MMPI - A
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It has 567 items of structured test
MMPI 2
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What is the revised standardized Rorschach Inkblot test?
Comprehensive System by John Exner
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What are the other versions of TAT?
Children Apperception Test (CAT)
| Senior Apperception Test (SAT)
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What are the revised standardized TAT?
Social Cognition Scale and Objection Relation Scale
57
A test that measures the ability to solve problem and used to know the school performance
Intelligence Testing
58
What are the two examples of Intelligence testing?
SBIS or SBIT and WAIS
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SBIS was made by?
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
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SBIT was made by?
Terman
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Intelligence test measures the ___.
IQ
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Formula of IQ Test
mental age / chronological age x 100
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Who made the WAIS?
David Weschler
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What are three version of WISC?
WISC III
WISC IV
WPPSI III
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Weschler's version for Adult
WAIS III
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Weschler's version for children
WISC IV
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Weschler's version for young children
WPPSI III
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5 categories measured by IQ
Reasoning, verbal comprehension, attention, perception, memory
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It is a test which to know the brain dysfunction
Neuropsychological test
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What are the three neuropsychological tests?
bender visual motor gestalt test, Luria - Nebreska and Halsted Reitan neuropsychological tests
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It is a battery test which administer pictures and lines that a child will copy. The more errors will mean the child has brain dysfunction
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
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Two battery tests to know the organic brain dysfunction
Luria - Nebreska and Halsted Reitan neuropsychological tests
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It is to test the heart rhythmic beats
Rhythmic test
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It is a test the grip of left and right hand
Strength of grip test
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It is a test of learning and memory
Tactile performance test
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There is a problem but no found difficulty
False positive
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There is no problem but there is difficulty
False negative
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It is a testing which to see the brain structure and brain functioning
Neuroimaging techniques
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What are the two brain structure tests?
CT Scan and MRI
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It used to locate abnormalities in the shape/structure of the brain
It has risk to the person due to radioactivity
CT Scan
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A head of a person is placed in magnetic field through radio frequency signals.
It is more expensive.
MRI
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It is the most sophisticated MRI that is used for onlu milliseconds
fMRI
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It is the mosyt common fMRi technique to study the psychological disorders
Bold fMRI
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What are the two brain functioning tests?
PET scan and SPECT scan
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It is injected with traces attached to radioactive isotopes, or group of atoms.
It shows the precise active areas of the brain
PET scan
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It is less accurate, less expensive but mostly used form than PET scan
SPECT scan
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It is a test which assess the measurable changes in NS that reflects the emotional and psychological events
Psychophysiological assessment
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It is used to measure the electrical activity in the brain
EEG
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It is the calm and relaxed stage of sleeping waves.
| The regular pattern of changes in voltage of the brain
Alpha waves
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It is the most relaxed stage after 1 - 2 hours after sleep
| More slower and irregular waves
Beta waves
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Psychopysiological assessment is most useful for?
Sexual dysfunctions and disorder
| headaches and hypertension
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It is a technique used to monitor own's behavior
Self-monitoring
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What are the two kinds of self-monitoring?
Checklist and Behavior rating scale
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It is a phenomenon which a person distort observational data duie to people's observation
Reactivity
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What are the two test for psychophysiological assessment?
EEG and ERP
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It is known as evoked potential
| It is hearing psychologically meaningful events
ERP (Evoked Related Events)
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It measures the sweat gland of the PNS
GSR or Galvanic Skin Response
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PET Scan can used for _____.
Alzheimer's type dementia
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It is a strategy which a problem is based on a uniquie individuals personality
Idiographic strategy
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It is a strategy which it is a general class of problems
nomothetic strategy
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It is the heart of science
Classification
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The data has same attributes and relations
Classification
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A classification based on scientific context
Taxonomy
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A medical/psychological classification
Nosology
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A label or name of disorder
Nomenclature
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What are the three categorical/dimensional approaches?
Classical Categorical approach, Dimensional approach and Prototypical approach
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This approach is based on biological perspective of emil kraeplin
Classical Categorical approach
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Psychopathologsit believe it that it is the cause of disorder
A psychological and social factor integrates with biological factor causes disorder
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It is an approach which quantify the disorder through scales
Dimensional approach
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A combination of two approaches that characteristics are able to classify
Prototypical approach
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DSM is a kind of what approach?
prototypical approach
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It is the extent of disorder found in patient's relatives
Familial aggression
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Old name of Schizophrenia
Dementia praecox
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Dementia means
deterioration of brain due to old age
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Praecox means
premature
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Old name of depression
Melancholia
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Old name of bipolar depression
manic depressive disorder
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He discover the schizophrenia
Emil kraeplin
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He termed depression
Philippe Pinel
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PRE WWII:
| What happened during 1840?
U.S started the stimulus of nosology
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PRE WWII:
| What happened during 1880?
7 categories of mental health
| Mania, melancholia, Dipsomania, Monomania, paresis, dementia and epilepsy
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PRE WWII:
| What happened during 1917?
America Medico of Psychological Association
| gather mental health stat accross mental hospitals
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PRE WWII:
| What happened during 1921?
Changed to APA
| develop nationally acceptable psychiatric clarification for diagnosing severe cases
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1948?
ICD 6
10 categories psychoses and neuopsychoses
7 categories for disorders (behavior, personality and intelligence)
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1952?
DSM I
| "reactions" Adolf meyer for psychobiological view
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1953-1967?
Erwin Strengel conductcomprehensive review about alck of mental-disorder listing on ICD 6 and ICD 7
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1968?
DSM II
ICD 8
Eliminates "reactions"
128
POST WWII:
| What happened during 1978?
ICD 9
| published: 1975
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1980?
DSM III
| published: 1974
130
POST WWII:
| What happened during 1987?
DSM III-TR
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1992?
ICD 10
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 1994?
DSM IV
| aligned to ICD 10
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POST WWII:
| What happened during 2000?
DSM IV TR
134
POST WWII:
| What happened during 2013?
DSM 5
| Aligned ICD 11
135
What are the major changes in DSM III and DSM III - TR?
1. Tools of clinicians
2. Aligned to reliability and validity but not all
3. Multiaxial system
136
How many axis are there in mutliaxial system?
5 axis
137
What are the 5 axis?
1. Clinical disorders
2. Personality and mental retardation disorders
3. General Medication conditions
4. Psychosocial and environmental problems
5. Global assessement of Functioning (GAF)
138
What are the maor changes in DSM 5?
1. Removed multiaxial system and replaced to 3 sections.
2. Dimensional approach was extended
3. Introduces cross-cutting axes for severity, intensity frequency or duration of disorder
139
Wha are the three sections of DSM 5?`
1. About the manual usage
2. The disorders
3. Disorders needed for further research
140
What happened to the axis in the DSM 5?
Axis I to III - it is the description of the disorders
| Axis IV and V - It is for clinicians can make notion
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It is all symptoms are present but in a midl form
Subtreshold
142
It refers to values and practices derive from ethic groups
Culture
143
What are the two criticisms of DSM - 5 and ICD 11?
1. It emphasises more on the reliability than validity
| 2. It should be updated based on the emerging scientific knowledge
144
It is categorizing people
Label
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It is stereotyping negative beliefs of a person
Stigma
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It is a min. no. of criteria to meet the disorder
Threshold
147
It describes the group of disorders that shares biological and psychological system or dimensions
Spectrum
148
It is the old name of PMDD
LLPDD or Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder
149
The cause of PMDD in DSM III - R
Endocrine disorder
150
PMDD is first included in what version of DSM 5? And what part?
DSM III - R
| Appendix
151
LLPDD changed its name in what version of DSM?
DSM IV
152
PMDD is under of what category?
Mood disorder
153
Clinics, hospitals are examples of ___
Primary care settings
