Chapter 3 - Covalent bonds

Question 1

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 1

A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell

Question 2

What do electron dot (Lewis) diagrams represent?

Answer 2

They show only valence electrons as dots or crosses around the atoms

Question 3

What is a single bond?

Answer 3

One shared pair of electrons

Question 4

What is a double bond?

Answer 4

Two shared pairs of electrons

Question 5

What is a triple bond?

Answer 5

Three shared pairs of electrons

Question 6

What is a valence structure?

Answer 6

A simplified representation of Lewis diagrams using lines for bonds

Question 7

What does VSEPR stand for?

Answer 7

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Question 8

What determines the shape of a molecule according to VSEPR theory?

Answer 8

Electrons repel each other, causing molecules to arrange themselves as far apart as possible

Question 9

What are electron groups in molecular shapes?

Answer 9

Bonding electrons and non-bonding electrons (lone pairs)

Question 10

What is a linear molecular shape?

Answer 10

Molecule shape where there are 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs

Question 11

What is a V-shaped molecular shape?

Answer 11

Molecule shape with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs

Question 12

What is a pyramidal molecular shape?

Answer 12

Molecule shape with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair

Question 13

What is a tetrahedral molecular shape?

Answer 13

Molecule shape with 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs

Question 14

What is a structural formula?

Answer 14

A simpler way to represent molecules using lines for bonds

Question 15

What is electronegativity?

Answer 15

How strongly an atom pulls electrons towards itself

Question 16

What characterizes a non-polar bond?

Answer 16

Electrons are shared equally

Question 17

What characterizes a polar bond?

Answer 17

Electrons are shared unequally, causing a slight charge

Question 18

What is a non-polar molecule?

Answer 18

A symmetrical molecule where dipoles cancel out

Question 19

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 19

An asymmetrical molecule where dipoles do not cancel

Question 20

What is a dipole?

Answer 20

A molecule with a slightly positive and slightly negative side

Question 21

What is the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular bonds?

Answer 21

Intramolecular bonds are strong bonds inside molecules, while intermolecular forces are weaker forces between molecules

Question 22

What are intermolecular forces (IMFs)?

Answer 22

Forces that hold molecules together, affecting melting points, boiling points, and density

Question 23

What are dispersion forces?

Answer 23

The weakest intermolecular force found in all molecules due to temporary dipoles

Question 24

What are dipole-dipole forces?

Answer 24

Medium strength forces occurring only in polar molecules with permanent dipoles

Question 25

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 25

The strongest type of intermolecular force occurring when H is bonded to N, O, or F

Question 26

Arrange the types of intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest

Answer 26

* Hydrogen bonding * Dipole-dipole forces * Dispersion forces

Question 27

Fill in the blank: A polar bear is a _______ molecule.

Answer 27

polar

Question 28

Fill in the blank: A normal bear is a _______ molecule.

Answer 28

non-polar

Question 29

What is the key idea of covalent bonds?

Answer 29

Non-metals share electrons to form strong bonds

Question 30

What do Lewis diagrams show?

Answer 30

Valence electrons as dots or crosses

Question 31

What determines molecular shape according to VSEPR?

Answer 31

Electron repulsion

Question 32

What does polarity depend on?

Answer 32

Symmetry and electronegativity

Question 33

What causes dipoles?

Answer 33

Charge separation due to unequal electron sharing