Chapter 3: Culture

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

which is shared beliefs, values, and practices, that participants must learn.

Question 2

society

Answer 2

describes a group of people who share a community and a culture.

Question 3

Material culture

Answer 3

refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people, like cars, books, computers

Question 4

Nonmaterial culture

Answer 4

consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society.

Question 5

Cultural universals

Answer 5

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies. ex. family unit

Question 6

ethnocentrism

Answer 6

evaluating and judging another culture based on how it compares to one’s own cultural norms.

Question 7

cultural imperialism

Answer 7

the deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture.

Question 8

culture shock

Answer 8

when confronted with all of the differences of a new culture, one may experience disorientation and frustration.

Question 9

Cultural relativism

Answer 9

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture.

Question 10

Xenocentrism

Answer 10

the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own.

Question 11

Values

Answer 11

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society.

Question 12

Beliefs

Answer 12

the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.

Question 13

sanction

Answer 13

giving their support, approval, or permission, or by instilling formal actions of disapproval and nonsupport.

Question 14

social control

Answer 14

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms.

Question 15

Norms

Answer 15

define how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.

Question 16

Formal norms

Answer 16

established, written rules.

Question 17

informal norms

Answer 17

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

Question 18

Mores (mor-ays)

Answer 18

norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group.

Question 19

folkways

Answer 19

norms without any moral underpinnings.

Question 20

Symbols

Answer 20

—such as gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand that world.

Question 21

Language

Answer 21

symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

Question 22

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 22

based on the idea that people experience their world through their language, and that they therefore understand their world through the culture embedded in their language.

Question 23

high culture

Answer 23

describe the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in the highest class segments of a society.

Question 24

popular culture

Answer 24

the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in mainstream society.

Question 25

subculture

Answer 25

a smaller cultural group within a larger culture;

Question 26

countercultures

Answer 26

a type of subculture that rejects some of the larger culture’s norms and values.

Question 27

culture lag

Answer 27

refer to this time that elapses between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its acceptance as part of nonmaterial culture

Question 28

globalization

Answer 28

integration of international trade and finance markets

Question 29

diffusion

Answer 29

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture.