Chapter 3- Culture

Question 1

The values, norms, and material goods shared by a given group

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

style and kind of living based on personal traditions passed down over time

Answer 2

folk culture

Question 3

describes reality

Answer 3

Real culture

Question 4

genetically inherited patterns of behavior

Answer 4

Instinct

Question 5

Study of biological basis of human behavior

Answer 5

Sociobiology

Question 6

rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior

Answer 6

norms

Question 7

norms of great significance

Answer 7

mores

Question 8

applied by officially designated persons, such as judges or teachers

Answer 8

formal sanction

Question 9

the process of finding something that already exists

Answer 9

discovery

Question 10

groups that are part of the dominant culture but differ from it in some important respects

Answer 10

subculture

Question 11

concretely tangible objects within a culture

Answer 11

material culture

Question 12

a statement that you agree or disagree with

Answer 12

belief

Question 13

subcultures that are deliberately opposed to certain central beliefs/attitudes of the dominant culture

Answer 13

countercuture

Question 14

creation of something new

Answer 14

invention

Question 15

applied by most members of a group

Answer 15

informal sanction

Question 16

rules that cover customary ways of thinking, feelings, and behaving but lack moral overtone

Answer 16

folkways

Question 17

widely disseminated via the mass media

Answer 17

mass culture

Question 18

structured community of people

Answer 18

society

Question 19

guidelines we claim to accep

Answer 19

ideal culture

Question 20

common traits between different cultures

Answer 20

cultural universals

Question 21

different traits between different cultures

Answer 21

cultural particular

Question 22

automatic reaction to a physical stimulus

Answer 22

reflex

Question 23

impulse to reduce discomfort

Answer 23

drive

Question 24

style and kind of living that is relatively modern, well known, and generally accepted

Answer 24

pop culture

Question 25

style and kind of living of the modern wealthy

Answer 25

elite culture

Question 26

broadest cultural ideas that form the basis for norms

Answer 26

values

Question 27

rewards and punishments used to encourage conformity to norms

Answer 27

sanction

Question 28

most serious mores

Answer 28

taboo

Question 29

norms that are formally defined and enforced by officials

Answer 29

law

Question 30

borrowing of aspect of culture from other cultures

Answer 30

diffusion

Question 31

groupings of persons who share a social characteristic

Answer 31

social categories

Question 32

when people judge others in terms of their own cultural standards

Answer 32

ethnocentrism

Question 33

involves beliefs, ideas, and knowledge that influences people’s behavior

Answer 33

nonmaterial culture

Question 34

the way of passing/learning knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values form person to person

Answer 34

cultural transmission

Question 35

process of social learning

Answer 35

language

Question 36

why do we study other cultures?

Answer 36

so we know their ways of life and avoid conflicts

-to not be ignorant

Question 37

why are values and beliefs important to study in sociology?

Answer 37

values and beliefs are important because people base their behavior on what they believe, regardless of how true or false they are

Question 38

explain the difference between culture and society

Answer 38

societies share a common culture. Societies are enduring social groups who members have developed organized patterns of relationships. Cultures explain why

Question 39

explain how culture might change because of diffusion

Answer 39

diffusion is borrowing aspect of other cultures to incorporate into your own. Culture can change by being influenced by other cultures.