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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

disease

A

any disorder of normal body function.

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2
Q

what are the types of disease?

A
  1. infectious diseases
  2. degenerative diseases
  3. neoplasia
  4. immune disorders
  5. metabolic disorders
  6. hormonal disorders
  7. mental and emotional disorders
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3
Q

infectious disease

A

caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi (yeasts and molds), protozoa (single celled animals), and worms (helminths)

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4
Q

pathogen

A

disease causing agent

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5
Q

degenerative disease

A

results from wear and tear, aging, or trauma that can lead to a lesion and perhaps necrosis (death of tissue)
ex: arthritis, cv problems

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6
Q

neoplasia

A

the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue

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7
Q

immune disorders

A

failures of immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, in which the body makes antibodies to its own tissues.

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8
Q

metabolic disorder

A

result from lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions.

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9
Q

hormonal disorders

A

caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones or by an inability of the hormones to function properly.
ex: DM

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10
Q

mental and emotional disorders

A

affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to his or her environment

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11
Q

eitiology

A

cause of a disease

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12
Q

sepsis

A

presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the body

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13
Q

inflammation
in-flah-MA-shun

A

localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain, rednesss, and swelling

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13
Q

benign
be-NINE

A

not recurrent or malignant, favorable for recovery, describing a tumor that doesn’t spread

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14
Q

carcinoma
adjective: carinomatous
kar-sih-NO-mah

A

malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells
(greek root carcino = crab)

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15
Q

cyst
sist

A

abnormal filled sac or pouch
root meaning =a normal bladder or sac
cyst/o

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16
Q

edema
adjective: edematous
eh-DE-mah

A

accumulation of fluid in the tissues, swelling.

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17
Q

etiology
e-te-OL-o-je

A

cause of a disease

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18
Q

gram stain

A

lab stain diving bacteria into 2 groups: gram positive (purple) and gram negative (red)

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19
Q

hernia
HER-ne-ah

A

protrusion of an organ through an abnormal opening. (rupture)

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20
Q

lesion
LE-zhun

A

distinct area of damaged tissue, an injury or wound

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21
Q

malignant
MAH-LIG- nant

A

growing wore, harmful, tending to cause death, describing an invasive tumor that can spread (metastasize) to other tissues

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22
Q

metastasis
meh-TAS-tah-sis

A

spread form one part of the body to another
verb: metastasize (meh-TAS-tah-size)
adjective: metastatic Z(met-ah-STAT-ik)
greek= met/a (beyond, change) + stasis (stand)

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23
Q

necrosis
neh-KRO-sis

A

death of tissue
necr/o= death
adj: necrotic (neh-KROT-ik)

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24
parasite PAR-ah-site
an organism that grows on or in another organism (host), causing damage to it
25
pathogen PATH-o-jen
organism capable of causing disease root path/o= disease
26
phagocytosis fag-o-si-TO-sis
ingestion of organisms, such as invading bacteria or small particles of waste material by a cell phag/o = to eat
27
prolapse PRO-laps
a dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part
28
pus
a product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells root= py/o
29
sarcoma sar-KO-mah
malignant neoplasm arising from connective tisse greek root sacro = flesh adj: sarcomatous
30
acid-fast stain
lab staining procedure used mainly to identify the TB organism
31
communicable
capable of passing from one person to another
32
endemic
occurring at a low level but continuously in a given region, such as the common cold
33
epidemic
affecting many people in a given region at the same time, a disease that breaks out in a large proportion of a population
34
exacerbation
worsening of disease, increase in severity of a disease or its symptoms
35
iatrogenic
caused by the effects of treatment iatro (greek)= physician
36
idiopathic
having no known cause idio (root) = self originating
37
in situ
localized, noninvasive; said of tumors that do not spread
38
nosocomical
an infection acquired in a hospital which can be a serious problem, esp if resistant to abx nos/o = disease comial = hospital
39
opportunistic
describing an infection that occurs because of a hosts poor or altered condition
40
pandemic
describing a disease that is prevalent throughout an entire region or the world
41
remission
a lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which such lessening occurs
42
septicemia
presence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood, blood poisoning
43
systemic
pertaining to the whole body
44
adhesion
a uniting of two surfaces or parts that may normally be separated
45
anaplasia
lack of normal differentiation, as shown by cancer cells
46
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
47
cellulitis
spreading of inflammation in tissue
48
effusion
escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part
49
exudate
material that escapes from blood vessels as a result of tissue injury
50
fissure
a groove or split
51
fistula
an abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the surface of the body
52
gangrene
death of tissue, usually caused by lack of blood supply
53
hyperplasia
excessive growth of normal cells in normal arrangement
54
hypertrophy
an increase in the size of an organ without increase in the number of cells; may result from an increase in activity
55
induration
hardening, an abnormally hard spot or place
56
metaplasia
conversion of cells to a form that is not normal for that tissue meta- = change
57
polyp
a tumor attached by a thin stalk
58
purulent
forming or containing pus
59
suppuration
pus formation
60
AF
acid fastC
61
CA, Ca
cancer
62
CIS
carcinoma in situ
63
FUO
fever of unknown origin
64
Gm+
gram positive (purple)
65
Gm-
gram negative (red)
66
MDR
multidrug resistant
67
cineradiography
motion picture of successive images on fluoroscopic screen
68
CT
computer generated image from a large number of xrays at different angles; 3D; reveals more about soft tissues
69
MRI
production of images through the use of a magnetic field
70
PET
sectional body images by administration of a natural substance; ex: glucose.
71
radiography
xrays
72
scintigraphy
imaging the radioactivity distribution in tissues after internal administration of radioactive substance (bone scans)
73
SPECT
permits visualization of a radiosotopes cross sectional distribution
74
ultrasonography
generation of visual image from the echos of high frequency sound waves traveling back from different tissues
75
palliative therapy
treatment that provides relief but is not intended as a cure
76
Bougie
slender, flexible instrument for exploring and dilating tubes
77
cannula
tube enclosing a trocar that allows escape of fluid or air after removal of the trocar
78
clamp
instrument used to compress tissue
79
elevator
instrument for lifting tissue or bone
80
gigli saw
flexible wire saw
81
hemostat
small clamp for stopping blood flow from a vessel
82
rasp
surgical file
83
retractor
used to maintain exposure by separating a wound and holding back organs or tissues
84
rongeur
gouge forceps
85
sound
instrument for exploring a cavity or canal
86
trocar
shar pointed instrument contained in a cannula used to puncture a cavity
87
auscultation
listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen
88
biopsy
removal of small amount of tissue for microscopic examination
89
cautery
destruction of tissue by a damaging agent, such as chemical, heat, or electric current
90
excision
removal by cutting (suffx= -ectomy)
91
fixation
holding or fastening a structure in a firm position (suffix = -pexy)
92
immunotherapy
treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the immune system
93
incision
a cut, as for surgery; also the act of cutting (suffix = -tomy)
94
ophthalmoscope
instrument for examining the interior of the eye
95
otoscope
instrument used to examine the ears
96
palpation
examination by using hands or fingers on the surface of the body
97
percussion
tapping the body lightly
98
sign
objective evidence of diseae that can be observed or tested ex: fever, bp, rash, etc
99
sphygmomanometer
BP cuff
100
stethoscope
instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body
101
suture
to unite parts by stitching them together
102
symptom
subjective evidence of disease as experienced by the individual
103
holistic healthcare
practice of treating a person as a whole entity with physical, emotional, social and spiritual needs
104
homeopathy
philosophy of treating disease by administering drugs in highly diluted form along with promoting healthy life habits
105
osteopathy
system of therapy based on the theory that the body can overcome disease when it has normal structure, favorable environment, and proper nutrition
106
clubbing
enlargement of the end of the fingers and toes because of soft tissue growth of the nails
107
colic
acute abd pain associated with smooth muscle spasms
108
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
109
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
110
malaise
feeling of discomfort or uneasiness
111
nocturnal
pertaining to or occurring at night (noct/i & nyct/o = night)
112
pallor
paleness, lack of color
113
prodrome
sx indicating an approaching disease
114
syncope
temp loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting
115
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
a fetal protein that appears in the blood of adults with certain types of cancer
116
bruit
a sound, usually abnormal, heard in auscultation
117
facies
the expression or appearance of the face
118
nuclear medicine
the branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, therapy, and research
119
speculum
an instrument for examining a canal (think*papsmears)
120
clysis
introduction of fluid into the body, other than orally
121
paracentesis
puncture of a cavity for removal of fluid
122
prophylaxis
prevention of disease
123
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
124
HPI
history of present illness
125
IPPA
inspection palpation percussion auscultation

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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