Chapter 3: Epithelial Tissues

Question 1

covering, lining, and protecting surfaces; absorption; secretion; contractility; sensory

Answer 1

Principal Functions of epithelial

Question 2

a thin, extracellular sheet of macromolecules; a semipermeable filter for substances reached epithelial cells from below

Answer 2

Basement Membrane

Question 3

thin, electron-dense sheetlike layer of fine fibers; nearest to epithelial cells

Answer 3

Basal lamina

Question 4

a more diffuse and fibrous layer; farther from epithelial tissues

Answer 4

Reticular lamina

Question 5

self-assemble into a 2D network of mesh sheets

Answer 5

Type IV Collagen

Question 6

large glycoproteins that attach to transmembrane integrin proteins; form “lace-like” sheets

Answer 6

Laminin

Question 7

short, rodlike protein and proteoglycan that cross-link laminins to type IV collagen

Answer 7

Nidogen and Perlecan

Question 8

more diffuse meshwork of the reticular lamina contains _________

Answer 8

Type III Collagen

Question 9

composed of the cells responsible for the organ’s specialized functions

Answer 9

Parenchyma

Question 10

the cells of which have a supporting role in the organ

Answer 10

Stroma

Question 11

the connective tissue tat underlies the epithelia lining the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems

Answer 11

lamina propria

Question 12

small evaginations that project from the connective tissue into the epithelium to increase contact between the two tissues

Answer 12

papillae

Question 13

another name for tight junctions

Answer 13

zonula occludens

Question 14

another name for adhering junctions

Answer 14

zonula adherens

Question 15

another name for desmosomes

Answer 15

macula adherens

Question 16

form a seal between adjacent cells

Answer 16

tight junctions

Question 17

are sites for strong cell adhesion; firmly anchoring a cell to its neighbors

Answer 17

adherent junctions

Question 18

are channels for communication between adjacent cells

Answer 18

gap junctions

Question 19

a term that indicates that the junction forms a band completely encircling each cell

Answer 19

zonula

Question 20

the two transmembrane proteins that create the tight seal of tight junctions

Answer 20

occludin and claudin

Question 21

transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion of zonula adherens

Answer 21

cadherins

Question 22

cadherins bind _____ that link to actin filaments with actin-binding proteins

Answer 22

catenins

Question 23

the actin filaments linked to the adherens junctions form part of the _________, a cytoskeletal feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells

Answer 23

terminal web

Question 24

the transmembrane proteins of desmosomes

Answer 24

desmogleins and desmocollins

Question 25

desmoplakins bind to ____________ rather than actin filaments

Answer 25

intermediate filaments

Question 26

transmembrane gap junction proteins

Answer 26

connexins

Question 27

on the basal epithelial surface, cells attach to the basal lamina by anchoring junctions called

Answer 27

hemidesmosomes

Question 28

the clustered transmembrane proteins that indirectly link to cytokeratin intermediate filaments for hemidesmosomes are

Answer 28

integrins

Question 29

in epithelia specialized for absorption the apical cell surfaces are often filled with an array of projecting ___

Answer 29

microvilli

Question 30

microvilli are supported by ___

Answer 30

microfilaments

Question 31

increase the cell's surface area, facilitating absorption; found in the epithelial cells lining the male reproductive system and inner ear sensory cells

Answer 31

stereocilia

Question 32

long, highly motile apical structures containing internal arrays of microtubules

Answer 32

cilia

Question 33

9+2 assembly of microtubules

Answer 33

axoneme

Question 34

epithelial cells that function mainly to produce and secrete various macromolecules may occur in epithelia with other major functions or comprise specialized organs called ____

Answer 34

glands

Question 35

secretory cells that synthesize, store, and release proteins are found in the

Answer 35

pancreas

Question 36

secretory cells that synthesize, store, and release lipids are found in the

Answer 36

adrenal and sebaceous glands

Question 37

secretory cells that synthesize, store, and release complexes of carbohydrates and proteins are found in the

Answer 37

salivary glands

Question 38

unicellular gland that secretes lubricating mucus that aids the function of the small intestine and respiratory tract

Answer 38

goblet cells

Question 39

secretory cells that have little synthetic activity and secrete mostly water and electrolytes (ions) are found in

Answer 39

sweat glands

Question 40

glands that remain connected with the surface epithelium, the connection forming the tubular ducts lined with epithelium that deliver the secreted material where it is used

Answer 40

exocrine glands

Question 41

glands that lose the connection to their original epithelium and therefore lack ducts

Answer 41

endocrine glands

Question 42

ducts not branched

Answer 42

simple gland

Question 43

ducts with two or more branches

Answer 43

complex gland

Question 44

either short or long and coiled

Answer 44

tubular secretory portion

Question 45

round and saclike

Answer 45

acinar secretory portion

Question 46

involves typical exocytosis from membrane-bound vesicles or secretory granules; most common method of protein or glycoprotein secretion; no cell is lost

Answer 46

merocrine secretion

Question 47

accumulate product continuously as they enlarge and and rupture, releasing the product and cell debris into the gland's lumen; whole cell is lost

Answer 47

holocrine secretion

Question 48

product accumulates at the cell's apical ends, portions of which are then pinched off to release the product surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm and cell membrane; top of cell is lost

Answer 48

apocrine secretion

Question 49

these cells stain intensely with basophilic or acidophilic stains because they synthesize proteins

Answer 49

serous cells

Question 50

these cells stain well with PAS as they contain heavily glycosylated proteins

Answer 50

mucous cells