Chapter 3 Esth

Question 1

Stratum Corneum

Answer 1

The average adult cell turnover is 28 days depending on there age, lifestyle and health.

Question 2

Rosacea

Answer 2

the chronic vascular disorder characterized by varying degrees of skin redness and congestion of the skin

Question 3

Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 3

large protein molecules and water binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis. GAGS are polysaccharides proteins and sugar complex. Beneficial hydrating fluids such as hyaluronic acid are also a part of this dermal substance,

Question 4

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 4

cell appendages that resemble prickly spines, that become desmosomes, the intercellular structures that assist in strengthening and holding cells together.

Question 5

Stratum Spinosum

Desmosomes

Answer 5

keratin filaments that bonds protein and creates the junction between cells.

Question 6

Stratum Spinosum

Langermans Immune Cells

Answer 6

protects the body from infections by identifying foreign material (antigens)

Question 7

Layers of the skin

Subcutaneous Tissue

Answer 7

or subcutis tissue/adipose tissue. This layer is 80% fat and creates a protection cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body.

Question 8

Dermis

Answer 8

consists of two layers the reticular layer (below) and the papillary layer (above)

Question 9

Papillary Layer

Answer 9

collagen protein substance helps wound healing. Fibroblast cells produce proteins and aid in the production of collagen and elastin.

Question 10

Motor Nerves

Answer 10

or efferent (effort), nerve fibers convey impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands.

Question 11

Stratum Corneum

Answer 11

Bilayers

a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules

Question 12

Tyrosinase

Answer 12

the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.

Question 13

Phelomelon

Answer 13

red to yellow color

Question 14

Eumelanin

Answer 14

Dark brown to black

Question 15

Sensory Nerves

Answer 15

Afferent nerve fibers that send messages to the CNS and brain to react to heat, cold, pain, pressure and touch.

Question 16

Sudoriferous (Sweat) glands

Answer 16

help to regulate body temp and eliminate minute amounts of waste products by excerating sweat.

Apocrine glands: underarms, genital area are sensitive to adrenaline. odors are associated with these glands,

Eccrine glands: they have a duct pore through which secrations are released on the skins surface.

Question 17

Glycation

Answer 17

the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in the formation of damaged, non functioning structures known as advanced glycation end products.

Question 18

Microcirculation

Answer 18

the circulation of blood, from the heart to the arterioles (small arteries) to the capillaries to Venules and the back to the heart.

Question 19

What are Melsomes

Answer 19

Produce a protein called melanin, melanin travels from the deeper basal cell layer of the stratum germinativum to the surface through finger like projections called dendrites.

Question 20

What are the Primary Functions of the skin

Answer 20

Sensation, protection, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, and absorption

Question 21

Protection

Answer 21

a hydrophilic film provides an oil-water balance on the skins surface. The acid mantle is part of the skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss.

Question 22

Attributes of healthy skin

Answer 22

healthy skin is slightly moist, soft, smooth and somewhat acidic

Question 23

What is an Estheticians primary focus

Answer 23

to protect, nourish and preserve the skin

Question 24

Secretion

Answer 24

Sebum (oil) lubricates both the skin and hair sebaceous glands also known as oil glands are appendages attached to follicles that produce sebum.

Question 25

Excretion

Answer 25

the sudoriferous glands AKA sweat glands, excrete perspiration.

Question 26

Heat Regulation

Answer 26

When we are cold, arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles contract and cause goosebumps.

Question 27

Transepidermal water loss

Answer 27

transepidermal water loss is the water loss causes by evaporation on the skins surface.

Question 28

Stratum Germinativum

Answer 28

AKA basal cell layer. Stem cells undergo continues cell division (mitosis) to replenish the skin cells that are regularly shed. Some stem cells and daughter cells always remains undifferentiated and keep dividing.

Question 29

Keratinocytes

Answer 29

Composes of keratin, comprise 95% of the epidermis. Keratin: is a fibrous protein that provides resilience and protection.

Question 30

Epidermis

Answer 30

Outermost layer of the skin Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum germinativum

Question 31

Dermal/ Epidermal Junction

Answer 31

connects the dermis to the epidermis

Question 32

Couperose/ Telangiestasia

Answer 32

the dilation of the capillary walls

Question 33

UVB

Answer 33

Burning rays, causing burning of the skin as well as tanning, again and cancer.

Question 34

Nails

Answer 34

are composed of hard keratin

Question 35

Histology

Answer 35

microscopic anatomy, the structure and composition of tissue.

Question 36

Alpha ( A-Keratin) Beta ( B-Keratin)

Answer 36

A-Ketain-soft (skin) B-Keratin-hard (hari, nails)

Question 37

Absorption

Answer 37

the skin selectively absorbs topical products. absorption is limited, some ingredients with smaller molecular size can penetrate the skin.