Chapter 3: Federalism Flashcards
(20 cards)
federalism
a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of gov. have formal authority over the same land and people.
unitary governments
a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government.
intergovernmental relations
the working of the federal system-the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments.
supremacy clause
Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.
tenth amendment
the constitutional amendment stating that “The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, not prohibited by it to the states, are reserved ti the states respectively, or to the people.”
McCulloch v. Maryland
an 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments.
enumerated powers
powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution
implied powers
powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution
elastic clause
final paragraph of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers
Gibbons v. Ogden
A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8
full faith and credit
a clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.
extradition
a legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.
privileges and immunities
a clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states.
dual federalism
a system of governments in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each state responsible for some policies.
cooperative federalism
a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between stated and the national government .
fiscal federalism
the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system
categorical grants
federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or “categories,” of state and local spending.
project grants
federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of application
formula grants
federal categorical grants distributed according ti a formula specified in legislation ir in administrative regulations
block grants
federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services.
