Chapter 3 Federalism Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3 Federalism Deck (34)
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1
Q

block grant

A

Money given to states for general programs within a broad category; provides states w/ more autonomy.

2
Q

categorical grant

A

Federal grants in which the recipient has little discretion over how the money is spent. The national government sets narrowly defined rules for use of funds and often requires the states or local governments to provide matching funds. These grants account for 90% of federal aid dollars. Examples include Head Start, Food Stamps, Medicaid, and the Interstate Highway System

3
Q

confederation

A

a political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power.

4
Q

cooperative federalism

A

Cooperation among federal, state, local govts; “marble cake” federalism

5
Q

dual federalism

A

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

6
Q

enumerated powers

A

Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war.

7
Q

ex post facto law

A

a law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed

8
Q

extradition clause

A

part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

9
Q

federalism

A

a system in which power is divided/shared between the national and state governments

10
Q

full faith & credit clause

A

Clause in the Constitution (Article IV, Section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid

11
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

A landmark case in 1824 in which the Supreme Court expanded Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity; dispute between NJ & NY w/ steamboats on Hudson River

12
Q

interstate compacts

A

contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns

13
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law; affirmed the Supremacy Clause

14
Q

New Federalism

A

attempts by Presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants

15
Q

preemption

A

the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject

16
Q

17th Amendment

A

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

17
Q

16th Amendment

A

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

18
Q

sovereign immunity

A

the rule that a citizen cannot sue the government without the government’s consent, The right of a state to be free from a lawsuit unless it gives permission to the suit. Under the Eleventh Amendment, all states are considered sovereign.

19
Q

devolution

A

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

20
Q

bill of attainder

A

a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court

21
Q

Unitary government

A

All powers reside in the central government

22
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

It provided a legal symbol of the thirteen states by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens.

23
Q

Intergovernmental relations

A

The entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments in a federal system

24
Q

Supremacy clause

A

Article vi three items: constitution, laws of national gov, and treaties

25
Q

Tenth amendment

A

States that the national gov has only those powers specifically assigned by the constitution

26
Q

Eleventh amendment

A

Prohibits individual damage against state officials and protects state govs from being sued against consent

27
Q

Enumerated powers

A

The powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution

28
Q

Extradition

A

When one state must return a prisoner to another state

29
Q

Layer cake federalism

A

Used to describe dual federalism because the powers and policy assignments of the layers of gov are distinct

30
Q

Marble cake federalism

A

American federalism is portrayed as a system with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between the levels of government

31
Q

Fiscal federalism

A

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system

32
Q

Grants in aid

A

The main instrument the national gov uses to both aid and influence states and localities

33
Q

Project grant

A

Awarded on the basis of competitive applications

34
Q

Formula grants

A

Are distributed according to a formula based on factors such as population, per capita income, and percentage of rural population