Chapter 3- Gene Expression Flashcards
(26 cards)
Describe three differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is double-stranded, whilst RNA is single-stranded. DNA has the sugar, Deoxyribose Sugar in its nucleotide whereas RNA has Ribose Sugar in its nucleotide. The base partner for Adenine in DNA is Thymine, whereas it is Uracil in RNA
Name the two stages involved in Gene Expression
Transcription and Translation
In which region of the cell does transcription take place
Nucleus
Name the region on the DNA strand where transcription begins
Promoter Region
Name the enzyme involved in transcription
RNA Polymerase
Name the region on the DNA strand where transcription ends
Terminator
What name is given to the strand formed initially after transcription
Primary Transcript of mRNA
What process follows the formation of the primary transcript of m RNA
Splicing
Where does the process of splicing occur
Nucleus
During splicing what parts are cut out
non-coding regions called introns
During splicing what regions are retained
coding regions called exons
The same piece of DNA can be used to make several proteins due to the fact that on occasions different regions can act as introns and exons, what name is given to this
Alternative RNA Splicing
In which part of the cell does translation occur
Ribosome
Where are t RNA molecules found
in the cytoplasm
What name is given to every 3 bases on a m RNA
a codon
What name is given to the three bases at one end of a t RNA molecule
an anticodon
The anticodon acts as a codeword to attach something to the other end of the tRNA, what is it that attaches
an amino acid
How many different amino acids exist
20
A mRNA strand attaches at a ribosome binding site, where does the process of translation begin
start codon
What type of bonds form between the codons and anticodons as the pair uP
hydrogen bonds
Amino acids start to align with one another when t RNA anticodons join up with m RNA codons, what type of bond forms between adjacent amino acids
mainly peptide bonds
When does the process of translation stop
when a stop codon is reached
What happens to the t RNA and m RNA at the end of translation
It detaches from the ribosome and is released back into the cytoplasm for reuse
What other type of bond can be found between a polypeptide apart from peptide bonds
Hydrogen bonds
