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CSW 2019 > Chapter 3 - Grape Varieties > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Grape Varieties Flashcards

1
Q

What genus do grapes belong to?

A

Vitis

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2
Q

What is the most widely used grape for winemaking?

A

Vitis vinifera

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3
Q

Where were vinifera vines developed?

A

Caucasus Mountains between Europe and Asia, spreading across southern Europe and into the Middle East.

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4
Q

What is the second most important grape species?

A

Vitis labrusca, which includes Concord grapes.

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5
Q

What advantage do native North American grapes have?

A

Natural resistance to phylloxera, aphid-like insects that ravaged European vineyards in the 19th century.

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6
Q

What is the scion?

A

Vinifera part of the vine that can be grafted onto the rootstock of North American vines to produce a phylloxera resistant plant.

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7
Q

What are other native North American vine species?

A

Vitis riparia, Vitis aestivalis, and Vitis rupestris

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8
Q

What is a species?

A

Scientific grouping of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common, and can sexually reproduce.

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9
Q

What is a variety?

A

Subspecies. An identifiable group of vines of the same species that share appearance, flavor, and growth.

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10
Q

What is a clone?

A

Grapes slightly different from their parent.

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11
Q

What is a mutation?

A

Derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through the imperfect reproduction of cells as it grows.

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12
Q

What is a cross?

A

Offspring between different subspecies within the same species.

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13
Q

What is a hybrid?

A

Result of sexual reproduction between two closely related but different species.

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14
Q

What are international varieties?

A

A select group of grapes varieties that thrive in a wide range of growing conditions and are grown in many areas throughout the world.

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15
Q

What are indigenous (autochthonous) varieties?

A

Grape varieties that either have not been widely transplanted or have been tried with unimpressive results to date.

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16
Q

What are white grapes/wines?

A

Grapes and wines that do not have any red or purple pigmentation.

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17
Q

What characteristics are common in warmer climate Chardonnay?

A

Ripe, tropical fruit flavors. High alcohol and considerable body.

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18
Q

What characteristics are common in cooler climate Chardonnay?

A

Citrus flavors and green fruit aromas. Crisp acidity and light to medium body.

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19
Q

Well known examples of Chardonnay

A

White burgundy, champagne, “California style” New World versions

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20
Q

Top producing countries of Chardonnay

A

France, United States, Australia

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21
Q

Characteristic aromas of Chardonnay

A

Cool climate - green apple, melon, pears
Warm climate - tropical fruit
Malolactic fermentation - butter
Oak-aged - vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast

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22
Q

Acidity and alcohol of Chardonnay

A

Acidity - medium to high

Alcohol - medium to high

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23
Q

What percentage of South African plantings is Chenin Blanc?

A

18%

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24
Q

What is Chenin Blanc known for?

A

High acidity, especially in cool-climate vineyards, ideal as a base for sparkling wines. Very versatile from dry to very sweet, still or sparkling.

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25
Q

Well known examples of Chenin Blanc

A

Vouvray, Savennières, Saumur

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26
Q

Top producing countries of Chenin Blanc

A

South Africa, France, United States

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27
Q

Characteristic aromas of Chenin Blanc

A

Green apple, melon, green plum, citrus blossoms, earth, mineral, wet wool
Aged - honey, quince

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28
Q

Acidity and alcohol of Chenin Blanc

A

Acidity - medium-plus to high

Alcohol - medium to high

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29
Q

Muscat family of varieties

A

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (white Muscat with small berries)
Muscat of Alexandria
Muscat Ottonel

30
Q

Best climate for Muscat

A

All - Warm to hot

Muscat Ottonel - cool

31
Q

Well known dessert Muscats

A

Vins doux naturels from Southern France
Rutherglen Muscats - Australia
Moscatels - the south of Spain

32
Q

Well known examples of Muscat

A

Southern France
Northern Italy
Australia

33
Q

Top producing countries of Muscat

A

Italy
France
Chile
Australia

34
Q

Characteristic aromas of Muscat

A

Musk, honey, Orange blossom, floral, apricot, table grapes

35
Q

Acidity and alcohol of Muscat

A

Acidity - low to medium

Alcohol - medium to high

36
Q

Best known Muscat based wine

A

Moscato d’Asti of northwestern Italy

37
Q

What does Pinot Gris/Grigio mean?

A

Gray Pinot, referencing the grapes dusky or light pink color.

38
Q

Where is Pinot Gris produced?

A

Alsace region of France
Oregon since mid 1960s
Germany as Ruländer or Grauburgunder

39
Q

Characteristics of cool climate Pinot Gris?

A

Medium-plus acidity, medium to full body, neutral aromas that have apple, pear, or almond-like character, sometimes a moderate amount of residual sugar.

40
Q

Where is Pinot Grigio found?

A

Italy
California since late 1970s
Australia

41
Q

Differences between California/Australia and Italy Pinot Grigio?

A

Medium-minus acidity and higher alcohol

42
Q

Well known examples of Pinot Grigio/Gris

A

Northeastern Italy
Alsace
Oregon

43
Q

Top producing countries of Pinot Gris/Grigio

A 
Italy
United States
Germany
France
Australia
44
Q

Characteristic aromas of Pinot Gris/Grigio

A 
Apple
Lemon
Melon
Peach
Minerals
Almond
45
Q

Acidity and alcohol of Pinot Gris/Grigio

A

Acidity - low to high

Alcohol - medium

46
Q

Well known examples of Riesling

A 
Germany:
Mosel
Rheingau
Rheinhessen
Pflaz

France: Alsace

Australia:
Clare Valley
Eden Valley

US
Finger Lakes New York
Washington State

47
Q

Top producing countries for Riesling

A

Germany
Australia
France
United States

48
Q

Characteristics of Riesling

A 
Lime
Peach
Nectarine
Apricot
Honeysuckle
Wet stone
Petrol/kerosene (depending upon ripeness and bottle age)
Baking spices (well aged)
49
Q

Acidity and alcohol of Riesling

A

Acidity - high to very high

Alcohol - very low to high

50
Q

Commonly blended with Sémillon

A

Sauvignon Blanc - Bordeaux and Bordeaux influenced blends.

Chardonnay - Australia

51
Q

Well known examples of Sauvignon Blanc

A 
Sancerre
Pouilly-Fumé
White Bordeaux
Fumé Blanc
New Zealand
52
Q

Top producing countries of Sauvignon Blanc

A 
France
New Zealand
Chile
United States
South Africa
53
Q

Characteristic aromas of Sauvignon Blanc

A 
Cool climate:
Grass
Hay
Grapefruit
Green pepper

Warm climate:
Asparagus
Melon

Loire:
Flint

New Zealand:
Gooseberry

Oak-aged
Toast
Smoke

54
Q

Acidity and alcohol of Sauvignon Blanc

A

Acidity: medium plus to high
Alcohol: medium

55
Q

Characteristics of Sémillon

A

Waxy or oily on the palate
Aromas of citrus (lemon, yellow grapefruit), flowers (honeysuckle, lemon blossom), and tree fruit (peach, pear, green apple)
Underripe may display Sauvignon Blanc-like herbal notes

56
Q

Where is Viognier found?

A 
Northern Rhône
Australia
California
South America
Texas
East Coast of the US
57
Q

Characteristics of Viognier

A

Rich, viscous, full bodied heft and potent aromas of flowers, peach, and tangerine

58
Q

What is Pinot Blanc also known as?

A

Pinot Bianco in Italy

Weissburgunder in Germany

59
Q

Characteristics of Gewürztraminer

A

One of the most aromatic whites

Perfume of flowers, spice, lychee, and rose

60
Q

Uses for Trebbiano Toscano

A

Italy:
White wines
Commercial balsamic vinegar

France, as Ugni Blanc:
Production of Brandy, including cognac

61
Q

Argentina whites

A

Torrontés Riojano

62
Q

Austria whites

A

Grüner Veltliner

63
Q

France whites

A

Aligoté
Marsanne
Roussanne

64
Q

Germany whites

A

Müller-Thurgau

Silvaner

65
Q

Greece whites

A

Assyrtiko
Moschofilero
Rhoditis

66
Q

Hungary whites

A

Furmint

67
Q

Italy whites

A 
Cortese
Garganega
Glera
Verdicchio
Vermentino
Vernaccia
68
Q

Portugal whites

A

Alvarinho
Arinto
Fernão Pires
Loureiro

69
Q

Spain whites

A 
Albariño
Godello
Macabeo/Viura
Palomino
Parellada
Pedro Ximénez
Verdejo
Xarel-lo
70
Q

Switzerland whites

A

Chasselas

CSW 2019 (4 decks)

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