Chapter 3 - Levels Of Organization

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The structural units that form all body tissues.

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

Composed of a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Question 3

Epithelial tissue

Answer 3

Formed the epidermis (top layer of the skin) and surface layer of the membranes. Has many functions, including protection, absorption, and secretion.

Question 4

Connective tissue

Answer 4

Composed of cells that are able to form tissues of various consistencies. These tissues act to connect and support other body tissues. Types of connective tissue include cartilage, adipose, bone, and even blood.

Question 5

Nervous tissue

Answer 5

Composed of cells called neurons, which function to transmit nerve impulses by the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters. Nervous tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves for the entire body.

Question 6

Muscle tissue

Answer 6

Composed of cells called contractile fibers. As each muscle cell contracts or relaxes, it shortens or lengthens. consequently, the muscle also shortens or lengthens. muscles help you move your body, make your heart beat, help many of your internal organs function, and maintain your blood pressure.

Question 7

Organs

Answer 7

Structures made up of two or more types of tissue that perform specialized functions.

Question 8

Anatomical position

Answer 8

The patient in standing upright, with the arms at the side and palms facing forward. The patients legs are straight, and the toes are pointed forward. The midline is an imaginary line that runs from the head to the feet and through the umbilicus and divides the body into right and left halves.

Question 9

Axial

Answer 9

Includes the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 10

Appendicular

Answer 10

Includes the arms, or upper extremities and the legs, or lower extremities.

Question 11

Body planes

Answer 11

Imaginary slices or cut through the body of the divide it vertically or horizontally.

Question 12

Sagittal plane

Answer 12

Runs vertically from front to back and divides the body into right and left halves.

Question 13

Frontal plane

Answer 13

Also known as coronal plane runs vertically from left to right and divides the body into front and back portions.

Question 14

Transverse plane

Answer 14

Also known as the horizontal plane it’s horizontal line divides the body into upper and lower portions.

Question 15

Dorsal cavity

Answer 15

Located on the posterior or back part of the body.

Question 16

Cranial cavity

Answer 16

Contains the brain

Question 17

Vertebral cavity

Answer 17

Contains the spinal column

Question 18

Ventral cavity

Answer 18

Located on the anterior or front side of the body, consist of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Question 19

Thoracic cavity

Answer 19

Contains the lungs, heart, great vessels, trachea, and Thymus.

Question 20

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 20

One large cavity, but an imaginary line is sometimes drawn to create a boundary between the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Question 21

Abdominal cavity

Answer 21

Contains the stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and large and small intestines.

Question 22

Retroperitoneal space

Answer 22

An area where the kidneys lie at the back of the abdomen.

Question 23

Pelvic cavity

Answer 23

Contains the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, and in females the uterus, fallopian tube’s, and ovaries.

Question 24

Abduction

Answer 24

Movement toward the side, away from the body

Question 25

Anterior

Answer 25

Toward or near the front; ventral

Question 26

Base

Answer 26

The lower or supporting part of any structure

Question 27

Bilateral

Answer 27

Both sides

Question 28

Contralateral

Answer 28

The opposite side

Question 29

Deep

Answer 29

Further into the body

Question 30

eversion

Answer 30

Movement of the ankle causing the bottom of the foot to face toward the side or laterally.

Question 31

Flexion

Answer 31

Movement toward the front or anterior (exception at the knee joint).

Question 32

Horizontal adduction

Answer 32

Movement of the arm toward the midline, or anterior, when at shoulder level.

Question 33

Adduction

Answer 33

Movement toward the side, toward the body.

Question 34

Posterior

Answer 34

Toward or near the back; dorsal

Question 35

Apex

Answer 35

The pointed tip of a conical structure.

Question 36

Unilateral

Answer 36

One side

Question 37

Ipsilateral

Answer 37

The same side

Question 38

Superficial

Answer 38

Nearer to the surface of the body

Question 39

Inversion

Answer 39

Movement at the ankle causing the bottom of the foot to face toward the midline or medially.

Question 40

Extension

Answer 40

Movement toward the back or posterior (except at the knee joint).

Question 41

Horizontal abduction

Answer 41

Movement of the arm away from midline, or posterior, when at shoulder level.

Question 42

Medial

Answer 42

Toward the midline; nearer to the middle.

Question 43

Medial rotation

Answer 43

Rotation movement of the shoulder or hip toward the midline; internal rotation.

Question 44

Pronation

Answer 44

Rotation movement of the forearm to palm down; palm facing posterior.

Question 45

Protraction

Answer 45

Movement of the scapula away from the spinal column; scapular abduction.

Question 46

Proximal

Answer 46

Nearer to the axial body.

Question 47

Radial deviation

Answer 47

Movement of the wrist towards the radius or away from the body; wrist abduction.

Question 48

Superior

Answer 48

Toward or nearer to the head; cranial.

Question 49

Supine

Answer 49

Lying horizontally facing upward.

Question 50

Ventral

Answer 50

Front; anterior.

Question 51

Lateral

Answer 51

Away from the midline; toward the side.

Question 52

Lateral rotation

Answer 52

Rotational movement at the shoulder or hip away from the midline; external rotation.

Question 53

Supination

Answer 53

Rotation movement of the forearm to palm up; palm facing anterior.

Question 54

Retraction

Answer 54

Movement of the scapula toward the spinal column; scapular adduction.

Question 55

Distal

Answer 55

Further from the axial body.

Question 56

Ulnar deviation

Answer 56

Movement of the wrist toward the ulna or toward the body; wrist adduction.

Question 57

Inferior

Answer 57

Toward or nearer to the feet; caudal.

Question 58

Prone

Answer 58

Lying horizontally facing downward.

Question 59

Dorsal

Answer 59

Back; posterior.

Question 60

abd

Answer 60

Abduction

Question 61

ant

Answer 61

anterior

Question 62

AP

Answer 62

Anteroposterior

Question 63

flex

Answer 63

Flexion

Question 64

L

Answer 64

Left

Question 65

lat

Answer 65

Lateral

Question 66

LE

Answer 66

Lower extremity; leg

Question 67

LLQ

Answer 67

Left lower quadrant

Question 68

RLQ

Answer 68

Right lower quadrant

Question 69

add

Answer 69

Adduction

Question 70

post

Answer 70

Posterior

Question 71

PA

Answer 71

Posteroanterior

Question 72

ext

Answer 72

Extension

Question 73

R

Answer 73

Right

Question 74

med

Answer 74

Medial

Question 75

UE

Answer 75

Upper extremity; arm

Question 76

LUQ

Answer 76

Left upper quadrant

Question 77

RUQ

Answer 77

Right upper quadrant