Chapter 3: Matter and Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is an Element?

Answer 1

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Question 2

What is an Atom?

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element

Question 3

What is a Nucleus?

Answer 3

Particle with the same mass as a Proton, but no charge

Question 4

What is a Proton?

Answer 4

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

What is a Neutron?

Answer 5

A subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 6

What is an Atomic Number?

Answer 6

Number of protons

Question 7

What is an Electron?

Answer 7

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

Question 8

What is Atomic Mass?

Answer 8

Average mass of all the isotopes in an element

Question 9

What is a Molecule?

Answer 9

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 10

What is Radioactivity?

Answer 10

Process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation

Question 11

What is Evaporation?

Answer 11

Liquid –> Gas

Question 12

What is Crystalline Structure?

Answer 12

Atoms must be arranged in an organized, repetitive manner

Question 13

What is Sublimation?

Answer 13

Solid –> Gas

Question 14

What is Plasma?

Answer 14

Hot, highly ionized electrically conducting gas

Question 15

What is Condensation?

Answer 15

Gas –> Liquid

Question 16

What is an Isotope?

Answer 16

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 17

What is an Ion?

Answer 17

Atom or group of atoms that has a positive/negative charge

Question 18

What is Matter?

Answer 18

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 19

What is a Compound?

Answer 19

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Question 20

What is a Covalent Bond?

Answer 20

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Question 21

What is an Ionic Bond?

Answer 21

A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion

Question 22

What is a Metallic Bond?

Answer 22

A chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs.

Question 23

What is a Chemical Reaction?

Answer 23

A process in which one or more substances are changed into others

Question 24

What is a Solution?

Answer 24

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 25

What is an Acid?

Answer 25

Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution

Question 26

What is a Base?

Answer 26

Any compound that forms OH- ions in a solution

Question 27

What is a Chemical Bond?

Answer 27

The force that holds atoms together.

Question 28

What is all matter made of?

Answer 28

Elements, which cannot be broken down into smaller substances

Question 29

What are elements made of?

Answer 29

Atoms, which are the smallest particles of an element and has all of the element's characteristics

Question 30

What do atoms consist of?

Answer 30

Center: Nucleus Inside Nucleus: Protons and Neutrons Outside Nucleus: Electrons

Question 31

What pH level do acids have?

Answer 31

<7 (Less than, low pH)

Question 32

What pH level do bases have?

Answer 32

>7 (More than, high pH)

Question 33

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

Answer 33

All parts are easily recognizable Example: Skittles

Question 34

What is a Homogeneous Mixture?

Answer 34

Parts cannot be distinguished Example: Plain cake batter, smoothie

Question 35

What are the states of matter?

Answer 35

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 36

What is a solid (state of matter)?

Answer 36

Densely packed particles with a definite shape and volume. Crystalline structures occur when particle are arranged in geometric patterns

Question 37

What is a liquid (state of matter)?

Answer 37

Occur when atoms in a solid increase in vibrations causing them to slide past one another. Liquids do not have their own shape, they take the shape of the container

Question 38

What is a gas (state of matter)?

Answer 38

When atoms in a liquid increase in vibration and have enough energy to escape the liquid (evaporation)

Question 39

What are the terms for the way matter can change from state to state?

Answer 39

Condensation, Evaporation, Melting, Freezing, Sublimation

Question 40

Does condensation release or gain energy?

Answer 40

Release

Question 41

Does evaporation release or gain energy?

Answer 41

Gain

Question 42

Does melting release or gain energy?

Answer 42

Gain

Question 43

Does freezing release or gain energy?

Answer 43

Release