CHAPTER 3: MATTER AND ENERGY Flashcards by Miss Bambi

• is the material that makes up all things.
• is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Matter

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Matter is classified according to its composition:

• Pure substances
• Mixtures

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have a fixed or definite
composition.

Pure Substance

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contain two or more different
substances that are physically mixed but not
chemically combined.

Mixtures

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contain two or more different
substances that are physically mixed but not
chemically combined.

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are pure substances that contain only one type of material,

Elements

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example of elements

• copper, Cu
• lead, Pb
• aluminum, Al

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contains two
or more elements in a
definite ratio,

compound

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example of compoundfollowing:

• hydrogen peroxide (H2O2
)
• table salt (NaCl)
• sugar (C12H22O11)
• water (H2O)

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is a compound that contains the elements sodium and chlorine.

“Table salt”

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The decomposition of salt, NaCl

produces the elements sodium and chlorine

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a type of
matter that consists of
• two or more substances
that are physically mixed
but not chemically
combined.
• two or more substances
in different proportions.
• substances that can be
separated

mixtue

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two or more substances
that are physically mixed
but

not chemically
combined

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A mixture of a liquid
and a solid is separated
by

filtration.

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• the composition is uniform throughout.
• the different parts of the mixture are not visible.

homogeneous mixture

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a homogeneous mixture of
copper and zinc atoms.

Brass

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Breathing mixtures for scuba are

homogeneous mixtures

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Example of Breathing Mixtures for Scuba Diving

• nitrox (oxygen and nitrogen gases)
• heliox (oxygen and helium gases)
• trimix (oxygen, helium, and
nitrogen gases)

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used
to fill scuba tanks

Nitrox Mixture

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• the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another.
• the different parts of the mixture are visible.

heterogeneous mixture

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Classification of Matter

Matter
-Pure Substance
•Element
•Compound
-Mixture
•Homogenous
•Heterogenous

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pasta and tomato sauce

mixture

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aluminum foil

pure substance

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helium

pure substance

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air

mixture

hot fudge sundae

heterogeneous mixture

shampoo

homogeneous mixture

sugar water

homogeneous mixture

peach pie

heterogeneous mixture

The evaporation of water from seawater gives white, solid crystals of salt called

sodium chloride.

sodium chloride

white, solid crystals of salt

• a definite shape. • a definite volume. • particles that are close together in a fixed arrangement. • particles that move very slowly.

Solids

a solid, is a purple form of quartz (SiO2 ).

Amethyst

an indefinite shape but a definite volume. • the same shape as their container. • particles that are close together but mobile. • particles that move slowly.

Liquids

• an indefinite shape. • an indefinite volume. • the same shape and volume as their container. • particles that are far apart. • particles that move very fast.

Gases

It has definite volume but takes the shape of the container.

liquid

Its particles are moving rapidly.

gas

Its particles fill the entire volume of a container.

gas

Its particles have a fixed arrangement.

solid

Its particles are close together but moving randomly.

liquid

vitamin tablets

solid

eye drops

liquid

vegetable oil

liquid

a candle

solid

air in a tire

gas

• are characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance. • include shape, physical state, boiling and freezing points, density, and color of the substance.

Physical properties

Copper has these physical properties:

• reddish-orange color • shiny • excellent conductor of heat and electricity • solid at 25 °C • melting point 1083 °C • boiling point 2567 °C

A physical change occurs in a substance if there is

• a change in the state. • a change in the physical shape. • no change in the identity and composition

examples of some physical changes

-Water boils to form water vapor -Sugar dissolves in water to form a solution. -Copper is drawn into thin copper wires -Paper is cut into tiny pieces of confetti. -Pepper is ground into flakes.

chopping a log into kindling

change of shape

water boiling change of shape

change of state

ice cream melting

change of state

ice forming in a freezer

change of state

cutting dough into strips

change of shape

the ability of a substance • to interact with other substances. • to change into a new substance.

Chemical properties

When a _____ ______ takes place, the original substance is turned into one or more new substances with new chemical and physical properties.

chemical change

During a chemical change, a new substance forms that has

• a new composition. • new chemical properties. • new physical properties.

Sugar caramelizing at a high temperature is an example of a

chemical change

examples of some chemical changes

-Shiny silver metal reacts in air to give black, grainy coating. -A piece of wood burns with a bright flame and produces heat, ashes, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. -Heating white, granular sugar forms a smooth, caramel-colored substance . -Iron, which is gray and shiny, combines with oxygen to form orange red-rust

Ice melts in the sun.

physical

Copper is a shiny metal.

physical

Paper can burn.

chemical

A silver knife can tarnish.

chemical

A magnet removes iron particles from a mixture

physical

burning a candle

chemical

ice melting on the street

physical

toasting a marshmallow

chemical

cutting a pizza

physical

iron rusting in an old car

chemical

A ______ _______ ________ is used to measure body temperature.

Digital Ear Thermometer

is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object. • indicates the heat flow from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature. • is measured using a thermometer

Temperature

Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit (°F) and Celsius (°C).

The temperature difference between boiling and freezing of water are divided into smaller units called

degrees

On the Celsius scale, there are _______ between the boiling and freezing points of water.

100 degrees

On the Fahrenheit scale, there are ______ between the boiling and freezing points of water.

180 degrees

Scientists have learned that the coldest temperature possible is

−273 °C.

On the Kelvin scale, this is called ______ and is represented as 0 K.

absolute zero

The Kelvin scale has

• units called kelvins (K). • no degree symbol in front of K to represent temperature. • no negative temperatures. • the same size units as Celsius: 1 K = 1 °C.

CHAPTER 3: MATTER AND ENERGY Flashcards

(78 cards)