Chapter 3 - Molecules and Compounds Flashcards
How do ionic bonds form?
They form due to electron transfer
- The resulting ions are attracted by electrostatic
forces
- Usually a metal and nonmetal
How are covalent bonds form?
They form by sharing of electrons
- Usually nonmetals and nonmetals
What are atomic elements?
Metals and noble gases, exist as single atoms
What are molecular elements?
The same element covalently bound to itself
- Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2 (diatomic)
- P4, S8, Se8
What are molecular compounds?
> or = 2 different nonmetals covalently bound
What are ionic compounds?
Cation and anion arrays
How do you name ionic compounds?
Metal + nonmetal / polyatomic ion
- The cation is named first
- The cation has the same name as its parent
element
- Name the anion as: (parent element root) + (-ide)
What are polyatomic ions?
- Polyatomic ions are covalently bound
- They otherwise act like mono atomics
What do you not know when naming mono atomic ions?
You don’t give them a Roman numeral when naming
How do you name molecular compounds?
Same rule for ionic compounds
- Use prefixes to indicate the number of each
atom
- The prefix mono- is never used for the first
element
How do you name a binary compound when there is no metal present?
Use Type 3 naming - use prefixes
How do you name a binary compound when there is a metal that forms one cation?
Use Type 1 naming - use the element name for the cation
How do you name a binary compound when there is a metal that forms more than one cation?
Use Type 2 naming - determine the charge of the cation; use a Roman numeral after the element name for the cation
How do you name an anion that doesn’t contains oxygen?
hydro- + anion root + ic
- Ex. HBr = hydrobromic acid
How do you name an anion that contains oxygen and ends in -ite?
Anion or element root + -ous
- Ex. HNO2 = nitrous acid
