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MEDTERM > Chapter 3- Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

term- orthopedics / orthopedist

A

meaning- deals with the majority of musculoskeletal disorders.

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2
Q

term- rheumatology/rheumatologist.

A

meaning- specialty that deals with disorders of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage.

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3
Q

term- Physiatry/physiatrist.

A

meaning- physical medicine, concerns diagnosis and treatment of disease or injury with the use of physical agents, such as exercise, heat, massage, and light.

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4
Q

term- osteodynia

A

meaning- bone pain

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5
Q

term- osteitis deformans

A

meaning- Misshaped bone resulting from excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue.

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6
Q

term- osteomalacia

A

meaning- Softening of bone caused by loss of minerals from the bony matrix as a result of vitamin D deficiency. When osteomalacia occurs in childhood, it is called rickets.

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7
Q

term- osteomyelitis

A

meaning- Inflammation and/ or infection of the bone and bone marrow.

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8
Q

term- osteoporosis

A

meaning- Loss of bone mass, which results in the bones being fragile and at risk for fractures. Osteopenia refers to a less severe bone mass loss (-penia = deficiency).

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9
Q

term- chondromalacia

A

meaning- Softening of the cartilage.

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10
Q

term- costochondritis

A

meaning- Inflammation of the cartilage of the ribs.

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11
Q

term- arthrosis

A

meaning- Abnormal condition of a joint; may be hemarthrosis, hydrarthrosis, or pyarthrosis (blood, fluid, or pus, respectively, in a joint cavity).

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12
Q

term- baker cyst

A

meaning- Cyst of synovial fluid in the popliteal area of leg; often associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

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13
Q

term- bunion

A

meaning- Fairly common, painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (the base of the great toe).

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14
Q

term- bursitis

A

meaning- Inflammation of a bursa.

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15
Q

term- carpal tunnel syndrome

A

meaning- Compression injury that manifests itself as fluctuating pain, numbness, and paresthesias of the hand caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist

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16
Q

term- crepitus

A

meaning- Crackling sound heard in joints.

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17
Q

term- osteoarthritis (OA)

A

meaning- Joint disease characterized by degenerative articular cartilage and a wearing down of the bones’ edges at a joint; considered a “wear and tear” disorder. Also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

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18
Q

term- osteophytosis

A

meaning- Abnormal bone growth in a joint. Heberden nodes are osteophytes of the interphalangeal joints in RA

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19
Q

term-polyarthralgia

A

meaning-Condition in which there is pain in several joints simultaneously.

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20
Q

term- rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

meaning- Inflammatory joint disease believed to be autoimmune in nature; occurs in a much younger population (ages 20 to 45) than OA

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21
Q

term- scleroderma

A

meaning- Connective tissue disorder that causes hardening and thickening of the skin.

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22
Q

term- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

meaning- Chronic, systemic inflammation of unknown etiology (cause). Characterized by arthritis and a distinctive red, butterfly-like rash on nose and cheeks. Also called disseminated lupus erythematosus (DLE).

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23
Q

term- temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

A

meaning- Dysfunctional temporomandibular joint, accompanied by gnathalgia, or jaw pain.

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24
Q

term- tendinitis

A

meaning- Inflammation of a tendon.

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25
term- ankylosing spondylitis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Chronic inflammatory disease of idiopathic origin, which causes a fusion of the spine. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
26
term- herniated intervertebral disk Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebrae, resulting in compression of the nerve root and pain. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
27
term-kyphosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of the spine (Fig. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
28
term- lordosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Swayback; exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae (lower back)
29
term- scoliosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Lateral S curve of the spine that can cause an individual to lose inches in height Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
30
term- spinal stenosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Abnormal condition of narrowing of the spinal canal with attendant pain, sometimes caused by OA or spondylolisthesis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
31
term-spondylolisthesis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Condition resulting from the partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
32
term- spondylosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- An abnormal condition characterized by stiffening of the vertebral joints. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 95). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
33
term- chondroma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Benign tumor of the cartilage, usually occurring in children and adolescents. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
34
term-exostosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Abnormal condition of bony growth. Also called hyperostosis and osteochondroma. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
35
term-leiomyoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Benign tumor of smooth muscle. The most common leiomyoma is in the uterus and is termed a fibroid. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
36
term- osteoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Benign bone tumor, usually of compact bone. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
37
term- rhabdomyoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Benign tumor of striated/ voluntary/ skeletal muscle. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
38
term- chondrosarcoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Malignant tumor of the cartilage. Occurs most frequently in adults Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
39
term-leiomyosarcoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Malignant tumor of smooth muscle. Most commonly appearing in the uterus. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
40
term-osteosarcoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Malignant tumor of bone. Also called Ewing sarcoma. Most common children's bone cancer. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
41
term- rhabdomyosarcoma Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle. Also called rhabdosarcoma or rhabdomyoblastoma. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 101). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
42
term- amputation Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Removal of a limb when there are no feasible options to save it. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
43
term- arthrocentesis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
44
term- arthrodesis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Binding or stabilization of a joint by operative means. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
45
term-arthroplasty Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-General term meaning surgical repair of a joint. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
46
term- bunionectomy Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Removal of a bunion Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
47
term-kyphoplasty Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Minimally invasive procedure designed to address the pain of fractured vertebrae resulting from osteoporosis or cancer (Fig. 3-27). A balloon is used to inflate the area of fracture before a cement-like substance is injected. The substance hardens rapidly, and pain relief is immediate in most patients. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
48
term- laminectomy Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Removal of the bony arches of one or more vertebrae to relieve compression of the spinal cord Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
49
term- meniscectomy Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Removal of a meniscus, such as in the knee. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
50
term-myorrhaphy Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Suture of a muscle. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 108). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
51
term- operative ankylosis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Procedure used in the treatment of spinal fractures or after diskectomy or laminectomy for the correction of a herniated vertebral disk; also used to describe surgical fixation of a joint. Also called arthrodesis. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
52
term- osteoclasis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Refracture of a bone; usually done if a bone has a malunion. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
53
term-osteoplasty Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Surgical repair of a bone. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
54
term- prosthesis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- An artificial body part that is constructed to replace missing limbs, eyes, and other body parts. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
55
term- spondylosyndesis Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Fixation of an unstable segment of the spine by skeletal traction, immobilization of the patient in a body cast, or stabilization with a bone graft or synthetic device. Also called spinal fusion and spondylodesis. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
56
term- syndesmoplasty Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Surgical repair of a ligament. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
57
term- tenomyoplasty Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Surgical repair of a muscle and a tendon. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
58
term-total hip replacement (THR) Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning-Replacement of the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip with either plastic or metal appliances Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
59
term- total knee replacement (TKR) Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- Extensive surgical procedure that involves the replacement of the entire knee joint, either unilaterally or bilaterally Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
60
term- traction Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
meaning- The process of pulling a body part into correct alignment, as to correct a dislocation. Shiland, Betsy J.. Mastering Healthcare Terminology - E-Book (p. 109). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.

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