Chapter 3- Nations and Society Flashcards
(25 cards)
Society Definition:
-broad term that refers to complex human organization
-collection of ppl bound by shared institutions
-define how human relations should be conducted
Ethnic Identity/ Ethnicity Definition:
- emphasizes a person’s relationship with other members of society, ascriptive
- set of institutions that bind ppl together through a common culture
- not inherently political
-includes language, religion, geographic locations, customs, appearance, and history
Ascription Definition:
- the assigning of or attribution of certain qualities at birth
Nation Definition:
- A group that desires self-government through an independent state
-inherently political
Citizenship Definition:
- individual’s relationship to the state; citizens swear allegiance to the state
-state, in return, is obligated to provide rights
-purely political and the base for patriotism
National Identity:
- institution that binds ppl together through common political aspirations
-inherently political
-sense of belonging in a nation
-emphasizes self-government and sovereignty
-often develops from ethnic identity
Patriotism Definition:
- pride in one’s state and citizenship
Nationalism Definition:
- pride in one’s ppl and the belief that they have a unique political destiny
-may lead to xenophobia and jingoism
Nation-State Definition:
- sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent
Ethnic Conflict Definition:
- conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other’s expense
National Conflict Definition:
- groups involved seek to gain sovereignty
-clash with one another over issues of autonomy
Views on National & Ethnic Conflicts:
- Societal explanations emphasize such issues as heterogeneity
- Economic explanations emphasize poverty and struggle for natural or other resources
- Political explanations emphasize state capacity or autonomy and the type of regime
Political Attitudes Definitions:
- concerned w one’s veiws regarding the speed and methods with which political changes should take place
-usually on a spectrum of left-right
Radicals Definition:
- extreme left
- believe in dramatic, revolutionary change
-believe the current system is broken and cannot
simply be improved or repaired
Liberals Definition:
- political attitude that favors revolutionary change
-believes existing institutions can be instruments of positive change
Reactionaries Definition:
- seeks to return to a previous state of affairs
-nostalgic
-ex. maga
Political Ideologies Definition:
-Sets of political values regarding the fundamental goals of politics.
-Exemplified by five dominant modern ideologies: liberalism, communism, social democracy, fascism, and anarchism.
-Universalistic: not specific to one country or time.
-Distinct from political attitudes.
Conservative Definition:
-As a political attitude: favoring slow, evolutionary change.
-As a political ideology outside North America: favoring free markets and individualism, accepting greater inequality.
-As a political ideology in North America: favoring a greater state role in limiting inequality; many outside the region would call this ideology “social democracy.”
-As a political-economic system: favoring a limited state role in the economy.
Communism Definition:
-As a political attitude: favoring slow, evolutionary change.
As a political ideology outside North America: favoring free markets and individualism, accepting greater inequality.
As a political ideology in North America: favoring a greater state role in limiting inequality; many outside the region would call this ideology “social democracy.”
As a political-economic system: favoring a limited state role in the economy.
-radical
Socialism Definition:
Fascism Definition:
Anarchism Definition:
-Stresses the elimination of the state and private property as the only way to achieve both a high degree of personal freedom and social equality for all.
-radical
Fundamentalism Definition:
Political Culture Definition:
-the basic norms for political activity in a society
