Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behaviour

Question 1

What is the function of neurons?

Answer 1

• Communicate with one another to perform information-processing tasks

Question 2

Outline the components of the neuron.

Answer 2

• Cell body: coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps cell alive
• Dendrite: receives information and sends it to cell body
• Axon: transmits information
• Myelin sheath: insulating layer covering axons
• Synaptic terminal: neuron connects with dendrites of other neurons to transmit information

Question 3

What are the three major types of neurons and their functions?

Answer 3

• Sensory neurons: Receives information from sensory organs to the brain via. spinal cord
• Motor neuron: Carry signals from spinal cord to muscles for movement
• Interneuron: Connect to other neurons.

Question 4

How does an electric signal move across a neuron?

Answer 4

• Through electrochemical action that has two steps:
  1. Conduction: movement of electrical signals within neurons
  2. Transmission: movement of electrical signal from one neuron to another

Question 5

How can drugs mimic neurotransmitters?

Answer 5

By binding to the receptor sites.

Question 6

What are the different peripheral nervous systems?

Answer 6

• Autonomic: carries involuntary and automatic commands.

- Somatic: carries information in/out of CNS (voluntary control of behaviours).

Question 7

What are the subsystems of the Autonomic NS?

Answer 7

• Sympathetic: Prepares the body for action in threatening situations (fight/flight)
• Parasympathetic: Helps body return to resting state.