Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

The study of carbon compounds (organic compound)

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogens

Question 3

Isomers

Answer 3

Compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties

Question 4

Structural Isomers

Answer 4

Differ in covalent partners

Question 5

Enantiomers

Answer 5

Differ in spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon, resulting in molecules that are mirror images

Question 6

Hydroxyl (-OH)

Answer 6

Hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom

Question 7

Carbonyl

Answer 7

Consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond

Question 8

Carboxyl (-COOH)

Answer 8

Oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to an -OH group

Question 9

Amino (- NH2)

Answer 9

Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms

Question 10

Sulfhydryl (-SH)

Answer 10

Consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen

Question 11

Phosphate

Answer 11

A phosphorus atom is bonded to 4 oxygen atoms; 1 oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton

Question 12

Methyl (-CH3)

Answer 12

Consists of a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms

Question 13

Macromolecules

Answer 13

Large complex organic molecules composed of many repeated subunits (monomers forming polymers)

Question 14

Polymers

Answer 14

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked together by covalent bonds

Question 15

Monomers

Answer 15

Repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer

Question 16

Dehydration Reactions

Answer 16

Removes a water molecule, forming a new bond (builds a larger polymer)

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

Adds a water molecule, breaking a bond (shortens molecules)

Question 18

Monosaccharides

Answer 18

single sugar

Question 19

Disaccharide

Answer 19

2 sugars joined by a glycosidic linkage

Question 20

Polysaccharide

Answer 20

Macromolecules, polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides linked together

Question 21

Lipids

Answer 21

The one class of large biological molecules that doesn’t include true polymers, generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules

Question 22

Fatty Acids

Answer 22

A long carbon chain carboxylic acid

Question 23

Proteins

Answer 23

Have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions

Question 24

Polypeptide

Answer 24

A chain of amino acids held together by a peptide bond

Question 25

X-ray Crystallography

Answer 25

Used to determine the 3-D structures of many proteins

Question 26

Primary Structure

Answer 26

Simple chain of amino acids

Question 27

Secondary Structure

Answer 27

Localized folding and twisting

Question 28

Tertiary Structure

Answer 28

Overall shape of one polypeptide

Question 29

Quaternary Structure

Answer 29

Overall shape of a protein with 2 or more polypeptide subunits

Question 30

Denaturation

Answer 30

Protein structure also depends on the physical and chemical environment

Question 31

Enzymatic Proteins

Answer 31

Selective acceleration of chemical reactions

Question 32

Defensive Proteins

Answer 32

Protection against disease

Question 33

Storage Proteins

Answer 33

Storage of amino acids

Question 34

Transport Proteins

Answer 34

Transport of substances

Question 35

Receptor Proteins

Answer 35

Response of cell to chemical stimuli

Question 36

Nucleic Acids

Answer 36

Store and transmit hereditary information

Question 37

Genes

Answer 37

A discrete unit of inheritance

Question 38

Polynucleotides (nucleic acid)

Answer 38

In DNA it forms a double helix and are anti parallel In RNA it exists as a single strand, but complements can occur