Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LAIMedicine - Smith > Chapter 3 - Pain > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Pain Flashcards

(40 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are considered the most painful conditions in cattle?

A
  1. C-section
  2. Claw (pezuña) amputation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Meaning of sensation + perception…

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Meaning of proprioception?

A

Sensation of lower level neurologic and biochemical components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 functions of nociception

A
  1. Warning of damage
  2. Predicting tissue damage
  3. Warning of specific dangers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who receives the sensory information related to pain?

A

Nociceptors in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which mechanisms modulate nociceptor stimuli?

A

Spinal and Supra-spinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which are the two main responses after nociceptor stimuli?

A

Acute: Withdrawal stimuli
More complex: Aggression or escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meaning of allodynia?

A

Pain resulting for an innocuous stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can you assess nociception in animals?

A

Nociceptive threshold tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mention the most common nociceptive threshold tests? (4)

A
  1. Frey filaments: reaction to pressure
  2. Hargreaves: thermoreceptors
  3. Pressure allometry: painsensitivity in a sole ulcer lesion
  4. CO2 laser thermal stimulator: 45-55 C x 20 sec
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharmacologic interventions to treat pain (5)?

A
  1. Local anaesthetics
  2. NSAIDs
  3. Opioids
  4. alpha 2 - agonist
  5. NMDA agonist receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharmacologic interventions to treat pain (5)?

A
  1. Local anaesthetics
  2. NSAIDs
  3. Opioids
  4. alpha 2 - agonist
  5. NMDA agonist receptors º
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Only analgesic approved for use in food animal?

A

Flunixin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does the use of extra label drug use (ELDU) is allowed?

A
  1. Supervision of a vet
  2. FDA approved in animals and humans
  3. Animals health is threatened
  4. Food destination - prohibited
  5. If volatile drug residue - prohibited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe nociceptive pathway: T-T-M-P-P

A

Transduction
Transmission
Modulation
Projection
Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA: Local anaesthetics

A

Enter and block Na+ channels of nerve cells. Prevent generation and propagation of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Local anaesthetics have better effect on unmylinated of myelinated fibers?

18
Q

Why does local anaesthetics don’t work well in acidic environments?

Study These Flashcards
A

Because they are weak bases and need alkaline environments

19
Q

What can you use to potentiate effect of local anesthetics?

Study These Flashcards
A

Magnesium sulfate
Sodium bicarbonate
+- Ethanol

20
Q

How does magnesium sulfate helps local anesthetics?

Study These Flashcards
A

Acts as a NMDA antagonist
Inhibit calcium influx into the cell

21
Q

How does bicarb helps local anesthesics?

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduces pain infiltration, acts faster but it might last less

22
Q

How does ethanol improves local anesthetics ?

Study These Flashcards
A

It demyelinates fibers, but you may need other injection for complete desensitisation

23
Q

Prostaglandins interact with ______, _____, ______, and _____, in inflammation

Study These Flashcards
A

Substance P
Histamine
Calcitonin gene related peptide
Bradykinin

24
Q

In the spinal cord, ______ is responsible for increased excitability of the dorsal root ganglia.

25
Oral bioability of oral flunixin meglumine
60%
26
Topical bioability of flunixin in cattle
45%
27
Rare but reported adverse effects of phenylbutazone administration. Reason why in humans is not used
Aplastic anemia Leukopenias Agranulocytosis Thrombocytopenia
28
Half-life of Ketoprofen
0.45 h - 27 minutes
29
Examples of salicylic acid derivates
Aspirin and Sodium salicylate
30
In cattle why the half life of salicylic acid derivates is longer than iv?
Because it stays in the rumen, acts as a reservoir. It has slow absorption but limited distribution
31
Can we use Carprofen?
No, there is no approved formulations in USA
32
Half life of Meloxicam
27.5 h - good for long lasting analgesia
33
Where does opioids have main effect?
Spinal and supra spinal cord
34
Which receptors does opioids bind?
Mu Kappa Sigma
35
MOA: Opioids
Decreases propagation of nociceptive signals by activating receptor linked potassium channels and inhibiting calcium channels
36
Which opioid receptor is associated with more adverse effects?
The ones with more Mu receptors attachment
37
Which opioid receptors has less adverse effects?
Kappa
38
MOA of alpha-2-adrenergic agonist
Inhibits positive feedback of norepinephrine release from presynaptic nerve endings by reducing Ca conductance
39
MOA of NMDA receptor antagonist (analgesia)
Bind to Mu and Kappa opioid receptors
40
MOA of gabapentin (GABA analog)
Bind to a subunit of voltage gated calcium channel to decrease excitatory transmission

LAIMedicine - Smith (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions