Chapter 3 Part 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the nuclear membrane composed of?
Two lipid bilayers
The nuclear membrane regulates transport of materials into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
What is the function of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?
Site of ribosomal synthesis and the first stages of ribosome assembly
What type of ribosomes do eukaryotic cells contain in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
80S ribosomes
What type of ribosomes are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
70S ribosomes
What organelles are involved in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells?
- Vesicles
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- Lipid biosynthesis
- Carbohydrate metabolism
- Detoxification of toxic compounds
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Processes proteins and lipids, producing glycoproteins or glycolipids
What do lysosomes contain, and what is their function?
Digestive enzymes that break down small particles, large particles, and damaged intracellular components
What is the cytoskeleton composed of?
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate filaments
- Microtubules
What role do centrosomes play in eukaryotic cells?
Microtubule-organizing centers important in the formation of the mitotic spindle
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Site of cellular respiration
What are the two membranes of mitochondria?
- Outer membrane
- Inner membrane with cristae
What does the mitochondrial matrix contain?
- Mitochondrial DNA
- 70S ribosomes
- Metabolic enzymes
How do eukaryotic cell membranes differ from prokaryotic cell membranes?
Eukaryotic membranes contain sterols, glycoproteins, and glycolipids
What are the two methods by which eukaryotic cell membranes can transport materials?
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
What do the cells of fungi, algae, plants, and some protists have?
A cell wall
What do animal cells and some protozoans have instead of a cell wall?
A sticky extracellular matrix
What is the primary function of eukaryotic flagella?
Locomotion
How do cilia differ from eukaryotic flagella?
Cilia are shorter and may be used for locomotion, feeding, or movement of extracellular particles
True or False: Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to prokaryotic flagella.
False
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain _______ ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
80S
Fill in the blank: The cytoskeleton provides _______ support in eukaryotic cells.
Structural
