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Orthodontics II > Chapter 3/practice 6: Steiner’s Cephalometry > Flashcards

Chapter 3/practice 6: Steiner’s Cephalometry Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What type of analysis is Steiner’s?

A

Linear and angular

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2
Q

Steiner’s analysis consists of?

A

Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue components

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3
Q

The skeletal component relates?

A

The maxilla and the mandible with each other and to the skull

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4
Q

The dental component relates?

A

The upper and lower incisor to each other and to the maxilla and mandible respectively

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5
Q

The soft tissue component understands?

A

The lower facial profile

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6
Q

Advantages of Steiner’s analysis?

A
  • SN line: reference line
  • easy to locate
  • takes only 2 landmarks
  • located in the mid sagital plane and moves minimally with head movement
  • no bilateral points—> decreased risk of double images
  • better than the Frankfurt plane at locating the porion and orbitale
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7
Q

Disadvantages of Steiner’s analysis?

A
  • the values selected as “normal’ are a personal judgment (based on Hollywood actresses)
  • no biological corrections of age, sex, and race such as in Rickett’s
  • leaves areas with no analysis
  • holdaway’s relationship is based on an uncertain phenomena of pogonion growth
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8
Q

What are the 10 cephalometric points in Steiner’s analysis?

A
  • S point
  • N point
  • A point
  • B point
  • Pogonion
  • Gonion
  • Gnathion
  • L point
  • E point
  • D point
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9
Q

S point:

A

The midpoint of the sella turcica

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10
Q

N point:

A

The most anterior point of the fronto-nasal suture

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11
Q

A point:

A

The deepest point of the concavity of the maxillary alveolar ridge

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12
Q

B point:

A

The deepest point of the concavity of the mandibular alveolar ridge

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13
Q

Pogonion point:
- definition
- abbreviation

A
  • the most prominent point of the chin
  • (Pg)
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14
Q

Gonion point:
- definition
- abbreviation

A
  • the most inferior and posterior point of the mandibular angle
  • (Go)
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15
Q

Gnathion point:
- definition
- abbreviation

A
  • the most anterior and inferior point of the chin
  • (Gn)
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16
Q

L point:

A

The point where the line perpendicular to Pg joins with SN line

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17
Q

E point:

A

The point where the line drawn from the most distal point of the mandibular condyle joins the SN line

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18
Q

D point:

A

The center of the mandibular symphysis

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19
Q

Which point is a more reliable reference of the position of the mandible (B or D)?

A

D

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20
Q

In what position does the skeletal analysis relate the maxilla and mandible to the skull and to each other?

A

Antero-posterior

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21
Q

SNA angle measures?

A

The anteroposterior postiton of the maxilla with regards to the cranial base

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22
Q

Mean value of SNA angle?
Higher=?
Lower=?

A

82° +/- 2°
- higher: maxillary protrusion
- lower: maxillary retrusion

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23
Q

A SNA value of 62° indicates?

A

Maxillary retrusion

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24
Q

A SNA value of 90° indicates?

A

Maxillary protrusion

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25
SNB/SND angle measures?
The anteroposterior position of the mandible with regards to the cranial base
26
Mean value of SNB angle?
80° +/- 2°
27
Mean value of SND angle?
76° +/- 2°
28
A higher SNB/SND value indicates? A lower SNB/SND value indicates?
Higher: mandibular prognathism Lower: mandibular retrognathism
29
A SNB value of 70° indicates?
Mandibular retrognathism
30
A SNB value of 92° indicates?
Mandibular prognathism
31
A SND value of 80° indicates?
Mandibular prognathism
32
A SND value of 62° indicates?
Mandibular retrognathism
33
If SNA is 83° and SNB is 70° that indicates?
Mandibular retrognathism , class III mandibular etiology
34
If SNA is 70° and SNB is 70° that indicates?
A bimaxillary biretrognathism
35
If SNA is 62° and SND is 77° that indicates?
Maxillary retrusion, class III maxillary etiology
36
ANB angle measures?
The maxillo-mandibular relationship in the sagittal plane, gives a general idea of the sagittal or anteroposterior discrepancy of the maxilla to mandible apical bases
37
Mean value of ANB angle? Higher=? Lower=?
2° +/- 1° Higher: class II Lower: class III Class II indicates that point A is forward to point B
38
SE distance represents?
The position of the posterior part of the mandible
39
Mean value of SE distance? Higher=? Lower=?
22mm +/- 2mm Higher: condyle in backward position Lower: condyle in advanced position
40
SL distance represents?
The effective size of the mandibular body
41
Mean value of SL distance? Higher=? Lower=?
51mm +/- 2mm Higher: mandibular prognathism or counterclockwise rotation (brachy) Lower: mandibular retrognathism or clockwise rotation (dolico)
42
Gonial angle measures?
The angle formed by the tangents to the lower edge of the mandible (Go-Gn) and the ascending ramus Angle formed between the line (Go-Gn) and the ramus
43
Mean value of the Gonial angle? Higher=? Lower=?
125° +/- 5° Higher: vertical pattern (dolico) Lower: horizontal pattern (brachy)
44
Mandibular plane expresses?
The tendency of mandibular growth
45
Mean value of the mandibular plane? Higher=? Lower=?
32° +/- 2° Higher: dolicofacial Lower: brachyfacial
46
Occlusal plane represents?
A line connecting the vertical midpoint (between LS and LI of the incisors) and the mesial contact point between the first molars
47
Mean value of the occlusal plane? Higher=? Lower=?
14° +/- 2° Higher: long face or vertically growing patients, skeletal open bite Lower: horizontally growing patients, skeletal deep bite
48
XY axis measures?
The angle formed between SN and S-GN lines
49
Mean value of XY axis? Higher=? Lower=?
66° +/- 2° Higher: vertical growth (dolico) Lower: horizontal growth (brachy)
50
Dental analysis includes?
Linear measurements Angular measurements Ratio
51
NA distance measures?
Position of the incisor with respect to it’s apical base The labial surface of the maxillary central incisors to NA line
52
Mean value of the NA distance? Higher=? Lower=?
4mm +/- 1mm Higher: protruded Lower: retruded
53
NA angle measures?
Incisors angulation with respect to their apical base Long axis of the central incisor with NA line
54
Mean value of NA angle? Higher=? Lower=?
22° +/- 1° Higher: proinclination Lower: retroinclination
55
NB distance represents?
Position of the mandibular central incisor with respect to its apical base Labial surface of the central incisor with NB line
56
Mean value of NB distance? Higher=? Lower=?
4mm +/- 1mm Higher: protruded Lower: retruded
57
NB angle measures?
Angulation of lower incisors with respect to its apical base Long axis of central incisor with NB line
58
Mean value of NB? Higher=? Lower=?
25° +/- 2° Higher: proinclination Lower: retroinclination
59
Inter-incisive angle measures?
Angulation of the incisors with regards to each other Intersection of the axial axis of both incisors
60
Mean value of inter-incisive angle? Higher=? Lower=?
131° +/- 4° Higher: dental retroinclination Lower: dental proinclination
61
Holdaway ratio measures?
The relative prominence of the mandibular incisors as compared to the size of the bony chin Calculated as the ratio of the linear distance from the labial surface of the mandibular central incisors to the NB line over the distance of the chin to Pg-NB Li-NB/Pg-NB
62
Holdaway ratio normal value? 2mm discrepancy is: 3mm discrepancy is: 4mm discrepancy is:
1:1 ratio 2mm: acceptable 3mm: less desirable 4mm: correction indicated
63
Soft tissue analysis: aesthetic analysis
S line (a line connecting the columella to soft tissue contour of the chin)
64
Normally, the lips should fall on this line, if they fall in front of the line? Behind the line?
In front of: proquelia Behind: retroquelia

Orthodontics II (1 decks)

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