Chapter 3 Prenatal Development & Birth Flashcards
(18 cards)
How many chromosomes does a gamete have?
23
What does AHR stand for?
Assisted human reproduction.
It can mean the use of fertility drugs, cryopreservation or artificial insemination.
What is cephalocaudal pattern?
It refers to the development that proceeds from the head downward
What is proximal distal pattern?
Refers to the development that proceeds from the middle of the body outward
What is the fluid filled sack in which the foetus floats called?
Amnion
Describe the embryonic stage
Begins after implantation from about the second week to the eighth week
In week, four neurons developed to form the neural tube from which the brain and spinal cord develop
In week six the goat develop
From weeks 3 to 8 organogenesis occurs (organ development)
What is the foetal stage?
It begins at about week eight until birth. It is about seven months long.
Involves refinement to the organ systems, especially lungs and brain
It is a period when the foetus is able to survive outside the room known as viability
What is neuronal proliferation?
A period of extensive neural formation between the 10th and 18th weeks
The neuron cells will migrate to their final location
And once there they begin to develop connections called synapsis
What signals the development of gonads
The presence or absence of androgens like testosterone
Prenatal androgens influence, the developing brain, resulting in structural differences in some regions
What differences in growth do males and females exhibit?
Females tend to grow more slowly, but a dance more rapidly in skeletal development which persists through childhood and early adolescence. Female females are also more responsive to sounds.
Male foetuses are more responsive to touch
What is a congenital anomaly?
An abnormality present at birth
What is an autosomal disease?
Disorders that are caused by genes located on chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
What is a trisomy?
A condition in which a child has three copies of a specific autosome
What is a teratogen?
An agent that can cause damage to an embryo or a foetus
What is a mutagen?
A mutation in the genomic DNA that
What is epimutagenic?
Teratogen, causing abnormal, gene, silencing or expression
How many mutations can a father genetically pass down to children and how many can a mother?
A father can pass on roughly 55 genetic mutations and a mother can pass on 14
