Chapter 3: Protein structure and function

Question 1

These proteins are involved in the response of a cell to a chemical stimulus

Answer 1

receptor proteins

Question 2

These are responsible for almost everything an organism does and they are structurally diverse and have a wide range of functions as a result

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

What is a prion?

Answer 3

Infectious proteins that can also cause normal proteins to misfold. They can’t be treated and can be acquired through ingestion.

Question 4

How important is one amino acid in a protein?

Answer 4

If one amino acid is changed in a protein it depends if it will have an effect or not

Question 5

What is a polymer constructed from amino acids that haven’t been folded called?

Answer 5

Polypeptide

Question 6

What occurs in the backbone in the secondary protein structure?

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonding

Question 7

These proteins are responsible for movement

Answer 7

contractile and motor proteins

Question 8

What are the amino acids with electrically charged side chains?

Answer 8

Aspartate, glutamate, lysine, arginine, histidine

Question 9

What is the core structure to all amino acids?

Answer 9

Amino group, carboxyl group, C-H, and an R-group

Question 10

What is the name of a polypeptide that has folded?

Answer 10

Protein

Question 11

The fourth level of protein structure in which multiple polypeptides come together. It is not found in all proteins

Answer 11

Quaternary

Question 12

These proteins accelerate chemical rxns necessary to sustain life

Answer 12

enzymatic proteins

Question 13

What are the beginning and ends of a polypeptide called in the residue numbering system?

Answer 13

N-terminus = beginning

C-terminus = end

Question 14

How are peptide bonds formed?

Answer 14

Dehydration/condensation reaction

Question 15

These proteins store amino acids

Answer 15

storage proteins

Question 16

What do some proteins require to fold properly?

Answer 16

Molecular chaperones

Question 17

What are amyloid diseases?

Answer 17

A build up of misfolded proteins

Question 18

These proteins transport substances

Answer 18

transport protein

Question 19

What types of things can alter protein folding?

Answer 19

Environment. Temperature, pH, etc.

Question 20

These proteins help with support

Answer 20

structural proteins

Question 21

Where do peptide bonds form?

Answer 21

Between a carboxyl group and an amino group, thus linking the carbon from the carboxyl to the nitrogen of the amino group

Question 22

The third level of protein structure in which there are interactions between R groups. Most proteins stop here

Answer 22

Tertiary

Question 23

These can only occur at certain points in protein folds and can’t just occur anywhere on the polypeptide

Answer 23

Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheets

Question 24

The second level of protein structure where hydrogen bonds between amino and carbonyl groups in backbone. Forms alpha helicies and beta pleated sheets

Answer 24

secondary

Question 25

Can a protein function in its primary structure?

Answer 25

No, it's also technically still a polypeptide as no folding has occurred

Question 26

What is the bond called that links amino acids together?

Answer 26

Peptide bond

Question 27

Eight different protein types

Answer 27

Enzymatic, defensive, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile and motor, and structural

Question 28

What diseases are associated with misfolded proteins?

Answer 28

Amyloid diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, Type II Diabetes, and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad cow disease)

Question 29

These proteins protect against disease

Answer 29

defensive proteins

Question 30

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 30

amino acids

Question 31

These account for more than 50% of the dry weight of our bodies

Answer 31

Proteins

Question 32

What determines the primary structure of a polypeptide and why?

Answer 32

The DNA sequence of that gene because DNA has directions for making proteins

Question 33

What is the sequence of central atoms a polypeptide that hasn't folded follows?

Answer 33

N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N...

Question 34

These proteins help in coordination of an organisms activities

Answer 34

hormonal proteins

Question 35

What are the two types of folds a polypetide/protein can make that we need to know?

Answer 35

Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheets

Question 36

Answer 36

Amino acid. Amino group on left side. Carboxyl group on ride side.

Question 37

In this structure, side chains start interacting with each other

Answer 37

Tertiary structure

Question 38

The first level of protein structure in which there is a chain of amino acids

Answer 38

primary

Question 39

What are the amino acids with polar side chains?

Answer 39

Serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine, and glutamine

Question 40

How does sickle-cell anemia form?

Answer 40

In the primary structure of the protien, Glu-6 changes to Val-6. This one change in amino acids causes the difference in red blood cells

Question 41

What are the amino acids with nonpolar side chains?

Answer 41

Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalinine, tryptophan, and proline

Question 42

What is the longest protein and how long is it?

Answer 42

Titin (connectin) and it is 34350 amino acid residues long

Question 43

In this structure, two or more polypeptides come together

Answer 43

Quanternary structure

Question 44

What are the 4 levels of protein structure?

Answer 44

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary