Chapter 3 science study guide Flashcards
Invention of the Microscope led to what?
discovering of cells
cell wall function
The tough, protective barrier that surrounds the outer membrane of some types of cells
cell membrane function
regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
nucleus
is a distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
mitochondria
powerhouses of the cell.
vacuoles
storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste, in an animal cell
lysosomes
are special vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus to clean up the cell. is a specialized part of a cell known as an organelle.
plant cell vs. animal cell
Plant Cells have a Cell Wall and a Cell Membrane; Animal Cells only have a Cell Membrane.
diffusion
The net (overall) movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
osmosis
By definition, osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential (low solute concentration) to and area of low water potential (high solute concentration).
chloroplasts
controls chlorophyll to help cell trap light and make food
ribosomes
produce proteins using instructions from the nucleus
organelles
are specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions
Cells and structure
The structures of living things are determined by the amazing variety of ways in which cells are
put together.
Cells and function
The functions of an organism include obtaining oxygen, getting rid of wastes, obtaining food, and
growing.
For example,
cells in your digestive system absorb food. The food provides
your body with energy and materials needed for growth.
organization of cells
the components that make up the cell and how they are arranged inside it
cell wall and cell membrane similarity
The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material
that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms
The cell membrane forms the outside boundary
that separates the cell from its environment.
osmosis and diffusion
Because
cells cannot function properly without adequate water, many
cellular processes depend on osmosis.
Diffusion is the main method by which small molecules
move across the cell membrane
what is the function of chromatin
-Make up nucleus of a cell
-The combination or complex of DNA and proteins that make up nucleus. The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, 2) to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication.
why difficult to see cells
to small to see with the naked eye
function of a microscope
to see microorganisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
