CHAPTER 3: Sensation & Perception Flashcards
(35 cards)
Sensory Threshold/ Absolute Threshold
defined as the amount of physical energy needed for a person to detective presence go a stimulus 50% of the time over many trials
— the minimal amount of energy needed to detect a stimulus
Semantic Congruity Effect
children and adults asked to compare pairs of objects drawn from a series perform better when the direction of comparison coincides with the location of the objects in the series.
Rod
dark; dim settings
Cone
detects color
Contralaterality of vision
when you are viewing things they are split into 2 halves.
EX: right eye perceives on the right side of the retina
how vision works
1) light ENTERS the eye
2) light TRANSFORMED to neural impulses/sensations
3) perceptual processes interpret signal
Which photoreceptor is outnumbered?
rods outnumber cones
Bipolar Cells
provide the main pathways from photoreceptors to ganglion cells,
How the eye works
1) rods and cons perceive
Horizontal cells
2) Bipolar cells
Pmacrine
3) ganglion cells
4) optice nerve
Synesthesia
involuntary, inappropriate sensory experiences in addition to typical sensory experiences
EX: experience color with letters
visual sensory memory/ Iconic Memory
specialize door holding visual information
Temporal Integration
perceiving two separate events as if they had occurred at the same time. transpires seamlessly within 20ms
Dynamic Icons
iconic images that contain movement
EX: professor moving around lecture hall; gif; ANYTHING!
Visual continuity
RAPID AND ACTIVE
memory processes create seamless transition
— eyes are sensing but not perceiving
Focal Attention
mental redirection of attention when the partial report cue is presented
PERCEIVE IS WHAT IS SELECTED
Saccadic Suppression
information during saccadic eye movement is suppressed
Trans-saccadic memory
object files used to track what is happening in the world
- Brian assumes everything we aren’t paying attention to is stable.
CHANGE BLINDNESS
Pattern Recognition
automated recognition of patterns and regularities in data
– problem solving process, unconscious
Gestalt Grouping Principles
THE SUM IS GREATER THAN IT’S PARTS
–principles/laws of human perception that describe how humans group similar elements, recognize patterns and simplify complex images when we perceive objects.
Template Approach
stored models of categorizable patterns
AIDS IN PATTERN RECOGNITION
— symbols and objects can appear in many different forms; need to relate that variety of visual patterns to the symbol or object intended
Pandemonium
featured computational demons that try to match features in the pattern and cognitive demons that match the combination of features to patterns
— part of how humans group what they see into pictures and meaningful objects based on perception.
Top- Down processing
brain fills in what is missing
—the interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations
EX: what letter between f and x f__x
Bottom- Up processing/ Model
Data driven: what exists drive what we perceive
— when sensory receptors pick up signals for the brain to integrate and process.
EX: stubbing your toe on a chair, the pain receptors detect pain and send this information to the brain where it is processed.
Recognition by components (RBC)
recognize objects by breaking them down into parts, then matching the combination with what we have in memory
