Chapter 3 - Structure and Function of Cells

Question 1

1. Which of the following adaptations would increase the surface area of a cell?
   a. increased number of mitochondria
   b. increased number of ribosomes
   c. presence of microvilli
   d. increased number of channel proteins
   e. changing a cell shape from cubical to spherical

Answer 1

C

Question 2

2. Which of the following is always at the same concentration inside and outside the cell?
   a. potassium ions
   b. water
   c. hydrogen ions
   d. glucose
   e. sodium ions

Answer 2

B

Question 3

3. Cells transport sodium ions out of the cell against the sodium concentration gradient. This is an example of:
   a. facilitated diffusion
   b. simple diffusion
   c. diffusion via channel proteins
   d. endocytosis
   e. active transport

Answer 3

E

Question 4

4. Red blood cells placed in distilled water will:
   a. swell as water moves into the cells by osmosis
   b. shrink as sodium moves out of the cells by diffusion
   c. swell as water moves into the cells by active transport
   d. shrink as proteins move out of the cell by diffusion
   e. remain unchanged because of homeostatic mechanisms

Answer 4

A

Question 5

5. Which organelles are most active during cell division?
   a. ribosomes
   b. endoplasmic reticulum
   c. Golgi apparatus
   d. centrioles
   e. cilia

Answer 5

D

Question 6

6. In the human body, Escherichia coli (a normally harmless bacterium) can be found in the:
   a. mouth
   b. digestive tract
   c. pancreas
   d. cilia
   e. kidneys

Answer 6

B

Question 7

7. Some lymphocytes (white blood cells) synthesize and secrete defensive proteins known as antibodies. Which of the following represents the most likely path of these proteins from synthesis to secretion?
   a. endoplasmic reticulum—ribosomes—Golgi apparatus—vesicles—plasma membrane
   b. ribosomes—Golgi apparatus—vesicles endoplasmic reticulum—plasma membrane
   c. ribosomes—Golgi apparatus—lysosome—endoplasmic reticulum—plasma membrane
   d. ribosomes—endoplasmic reticulum—Golgi apparatus—vesicles—plasma membrane
   e. ribosomes—lysosomes—endoplasmic reticulum—vesicles—Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

D

Question 8

8. Which of the following organelles would be more active in white blood cells during a bacterial infection?
   a. Golgi apparatus
   b. lysosomes
   c. mitochondria
   d. endoplasmic reticulum
   e. peroxisomes

Answer 8

B

Question 9

9. Cells lining the respiratory passages have numerous filamentous structures that sweep mucus and debris up and away from the lungs. These filamentous structures are:
   a. microtubules
   b. flagella
   c. cilia
   d. microfilaments
   e. microvilli

Answer 9

C

Question 10

10. Fat in its stored form is known as:
    a. glucose
    b. ATP
    c. glycogen
    d. triglyceride
    e. amino aciD

Answer 10

D

Question 11

11. All of the following cellular activities require energy except:
    a. facilitated transport
    b. active transport
    c. movement
    d. protein synthesis
    e. cell division

Answer 11

A

Question 12

12. Which of the following can occur within a cell in the absence of oxygen?
    a. glycolysis
    b. lactate production
    c. citric acid cycle
    d. electron transport system
    e. both (a) and (b)

Answer 12

E

Question 13

13. All of the following are associated with energy release except:
    a. anabolism
    b. catabolism
    c. citric acid cycle
    d. glycolysis
    e. oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 13

A

Question 14

14. Which of the following is/are recycled during cellular respiration and do not appear in the net equation?
    a. NAD+ and NADH
    b. ATP, ADP, and Pi
    c. glucose
    d. carbon dioxide
    e. oxygen

Answer 14

A

Question 15

15. Most of the ATP produced during cell respiration is a by-product of:
    a. glycolysis
    b. citric acid cycle
    c. electron transport system
    d. lactate production
    e. anaerobic pathways

Answer 15

C