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Psychology 111 > Chapter 3 terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 terminology Flashcards

0
Q

Dendrite

A

Portion of neuron that receives signals

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1
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell specialized for communication

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2
Q

Axon

A

Portion of neuron that sends signals

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3
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

Spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

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4
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron

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5
Q

Synapse

A

Space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted

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6
Q

A gap into which neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal

A

Synaptic cleft

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7
Q

Cell in the nervous system that plays a role in the formation of the BB barrier and responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory.

A

Glial cell

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8
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neurons signal

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9
Q

Electrical charge difference (-60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated

A

Resting potential

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10
Q

Membrane potential necessary to trigger or fire the neuron; action potential

A

Threshold

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11
Q

Electrical impulses that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitter

A

Action potential

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12
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

Time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal fire rate

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13
Q

Location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

A

Receptor site

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14
Q

Means of recycling neurotransmitters

A

Reuptake

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15
Q

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Mimic alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs. They increase its activity

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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16
Q

Muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

neurotransmitter involved in motor function and reward

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

Neurotransmitter used for pain reduction

A

Endorphins

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19
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in mod, temperature regulation, aggression and sleep cycles

A

serotonin

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20
Q

Plasticity

A

Ability of the nervous system to change; flexibility

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21
Q

Creation of new neurons in the adult brain

A

Neurogenisis

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22
Q

Central nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior

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23
Q

Nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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24
Q

Pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provide the brain nutrients and cushion against injury

A

Cerebral ventricles

25
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions

26
Q

Forebrain (cerebrum)

A

Forward most part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities

27
Q

Two halves of the cerebral cortex

A

Cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

Large band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

29
Q

Upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe specialized for touch and perception

A

Parietal lobe

30
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Located near the ‘temples’ and plays a role in hearin, language, and memory

31
Q

Responsible for the motor function, language, memory, and planning

A

Frontal lobe

32
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Part of frontal lobe specialized for movement

33
Q

Section of frontal lobe specialized for thinking, planning, and language

A

Prefrontal cortex

34
Q

Responsible for language (speech) in the brain

A

Broca’s area

35
Q

Back of the cerebral cortex specialized for vision

A

Occipital lobe

36
Q

Primary sensory cortex

A

Regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses

37
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Region in forebrain responsible for movement control

38
Q

Emotional center of the brain that also plays a role in smell, motivation, and memory

A

Limbic system

39
Q

Thalamus

A

Gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex

40
Q

Part of the brain responsible for homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q

Amygdala

A

plays a role in fear, excitement, and arousal

42
Q

Hippocampus

A

Spatial memory

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

Sense of balance

44
Q

Brain stem

A

Part of brain between the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex. Contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla

45
Q

Midbrain

A

movemnt, visual stimuli, and reflexes to sound

46
Q

Hindbrain

A

region below the midbrain that contains the pons, medulla, and cerebellum

47
Q

Part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum

A

Pon

48
Q

Medulla

A

Heartbeat and breathing

49
Q

Thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body

A

Spinal cord

50
Q

Interneuron

A

Neuron between other neurons

51
Q

An autonomic motor response to a sensory stimulus

A

Reflex

52
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movement

53
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary actions

54
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight response in the autonomic system

55
Q

System of glands and hormones

A

Endocrine gland

56
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical released into the blod stream

57
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Master gland (under control of the hypothalamus)

58
Q

lateralization

A

Some functions are more focused on one side of the brain then others

59
Q

Split brain surgery

A

Severing of the corpus callosum to prevent seizures

60
Q

Twin study

A

Study of how traits differ in identical versus fraternal twins.

Psychology 111 (2 decks)

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