Chapter 3 terminology

Question 0

Dendrite

Answer 0

Portion of neuron that receives signals

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Nerve cell specialized for communication

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Portion of neuron that sends signals

Question 3

Synaptic vesicle

Answer 3

Spherical sac containing neurotransmitters

Question 4

Neurotransmitter

Answer 4

Chemical messenger specialized for communication from neuron

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

Space between two connecting neurons through which messages are transmitted

Question 6

A gap into which neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal

Answer 6

Synaptic cleft

Question 7

Cell in the nervous system that plays a role in the formation of the BB barrier and responds to injury, removes debris, and enhances learning and memory.

Answer 7

Glial cell

Question 8

Myelin sheath

Answer 8

Glial cells wrapped around axons that act as insulators of the neurons signal

Question 9

Electrical charge difference (-60 millivolts) across the neuronal membrane, when the neuron is not being stimulated

Answer 9

Resting potential

Question 10

Membrane potential necessary to trigger or fire the neuron; action potential

Answer 10

Threshold

Question 11

Electrical impulses that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitter

Answer 11

Action potential

Question 12

Absolute refractory period

Answer 12

Time during which another action potential is impossible; limits maximal fire rate

Question 13

Location that uniquely recognizes a neurotransmitter

Answer 13

Receptor site

Question 14

Means of recycling neurotransmitters

Answer 14

Reuptake

Question 15

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Mimic alcohol and anti-anxiety drugs. They increase its activity

Answer 15

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 16

Muscle contraction

Answer 16

Acetylcholine

Question 17

neurotransmitter involved in motor function and reward

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Neurotransmitter used for pain reduction

Answer 18

Endorphins

Question 19

Neurotransmitter involved in mod, temperature regulation, aggression and sleep cycles

Answer 19

serotonin

Question 20

Plasticity

Answer 20

Ability of the nervous system to change; flexibility

Question 21

Creation of new neurons in the adult brain

Answer 21

Neurogenisis

Question 22

Central nervous system

Answer 22

Part of the nervous system containing brain and spinal cord that controls the mind and behavior

Question 23

Nerves in the body that extend outside the central nervous system

Answer 23

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 24

Pockets in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provide the brain nutrients and cushion against injury

Answer 24

Cerebral ventricles

Question 25

Cerebral cortex

Answer 25

Outermost part of forebrain, responsible for analyzing sensory processing and higher brain functions

Question 26

Forebrain (cerebrum)

Answer 26

Forward most part of the brain that allows advanced intellectual abilities

Question 27

Two halves of the cerebral cortex

Answer 27

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

Large band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 28

Corpus callosum

Question 29

Upper middle part of the cerebral cortex lying behind the frontal lobe specialized for touch and perception

Answer 29

Parietal lobe

Question 30

Temporal lobe

Answer 30

Located near the 'temples' and plays a role in hearin, language, and memory

Question 31

Responsible for the motor function, language, memory, and planning

Answer 31

Frontal lobe

Question 32

Motor Cortex

Answer 32

Part of frontal lobe specialized for movement

Question 33

Section of frontal lobe specialized for thinking, planning, and language

Answer 33

Prefrontal cortex

Question 34

Responsible for language (speech) in the brain

Answer 34

Broca's area

Question 35

Back of the cerebral cortex specialized for vision

Answer 35

Occipital lobe

Question 36

Primary sensory cortex

Answer 36

Regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses

Question 37

Basal Ganglia

Answer 37

Region in forebrain responsible for movement control

Question 38

Emotional center of the brain that also plays a role in smell, motivation, and memory

Answer 38

Limbic system

Question 39

Thalamus

Answer 39

Gateway from the sense organs to the primary sensory cortex

Question 40

Part of the brain responsible for homeostasis

Answer 40

Hypothalamus

Question 41

Amygdala

Answer 41

plays a role in fear, excitement, and arousal

Question 42

Hippocampus

Answer 42

Spatial memory

Question 43

Cerebellum

Answer 43

Sense of balance

Question 44

Brain stem

Answer 44

Part of brain between the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex. Contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla

Question 45

Midbrain

Answer 45

movemnt, visual stimuli, and reflexes to sound

Question 46

Hindbrain

Answer 46

region below the midbrain that contains the pons, medulla, and cerebellum

Question 47

Part of the brain stem that connects the cortex with the cerebellum

Answer 47

Pon

Question 48

Medulla

Answer 48

Heartbeat and breathing

Question 49

Thick bundle of nerves that conveys signals between the brain and the body

Answer 49

Spinal cord

Question 50

Interneuron

Answer 50

Neuron between other neurons

Question 51

An autonomic motor response to a sensory stimulus

Answer 51

Reflex

Question 52

Somatic nervous system

Answer 52

Part of the nervous system that controls voluntary movement

Question 53

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 53

Controls involuntary actions

Question 54

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 54

Fight or flight response in the autonomic system

Question 55

System of glands and hormones

Answer 55

Endocrine gland

Question 56

Hormone

Answer 56

Chemical released into the blod stream

Question 57

Pituitary gland

Answer 57

Master gland (under control of the hypothalamus)

Question 58

lateralization

Answer 58

Some functions are more focused on one side of the brain then others

Question 59

Split brain surgery

Answer 59

Severing of the corpus callosum to prevent seizures

Question 60

Twin study

Answer 60

Study of how traits differ in identical versus fraternal twins.