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Bio 107 > Chapter 3: The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 3: The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Functional unit of life

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2
Q

Smallest part of system that gives it its function

A

Cell

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3
Q

Organisms activity depends on what

A

Individual and collective activity of the cell

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4
Q

What dictates biological function of cells

A

Their shape
Sub-cellular structure
Structure/function complementary

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5
Q

T/F

Cells can only rise from other cells

A

T

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6
Q

Composition of cells

A

Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

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7
Q

T/F

All cells have common structures and functions

A

T

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8
Q

What are the three basic parts of a human cell

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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9
Q

Flexible outer boundary

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

Phospholipid bilayer composed of mostly fat

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

Separates intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid

A

Plasma membrane

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12
Q

Tails of the phospholipids are

A

Hydrophobic

Non polar

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13
Q

Heads of the phospholipids are

A

Hydrophilic

Polar

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14
Q

What holds plasma membrane together

A

Cytoskeleton

Cell junction

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15
Q

T/F

Water can penetrate through plasma membrane

A

F

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16
Q

What floats throughout the membrane

A

Proteins

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17
Q

What is the movement of phospholipids in plasma membrane

A

Move leaflet to leaflet

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18
Q

The plasma membrane plays….

A

A dynamic role in cellular activity

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19
Q

Controls interaction of cells and its environment

A

Plasma membrane

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20
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Intracellular fluid with organelles

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21
Q

T/F

Organelles of the cytoplasm are constantly shifting

A

T

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22
Q

Control center of cell

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

T/F

Every part of the body has a nucleus

A

F

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24
Q

Whats inside the nucleus

A

Genetic materials

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25
Q

The outer leaflet of the phospholipids contains

A

Glycoproteins
Carbohydrates
Sugar groups

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26
Q

Selective permeable barrier

A

Plasma membrane

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27
Q

Glycolipids

A

Lipids with bound carbohydrates

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28
Q

Surface sugars of phospholipids

A

Glycocalyx

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29
Q

ID tags of phospholipids

A

Glycoproteins

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30
Q

The fluidity of the plasma membrane depends on

A

The kind and amount of phospholipids

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31
Q

Cholesterol of plasma membrane makes the membrane

A

More rigid

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32
Q

T/F

20% of all membrane lipids is cholesterol

A

T

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33
Q

Composition of plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids
Proteins
Cholesterol
Gycolipids

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34
Q

Transmembraneous

A

Proteins

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35
Q

Act as receptors

A

Peripheral Proteins

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36
Q

Transmembraneous means

A

Proteins go all the way through gates allowing polar ions in

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37
Q

Examples of membrane proteins

A

Receptors

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38
Q

Receptors

A

Receive chemical messages for communication

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39
Q

Globular structure of proteins

A

Gives it a specific shape and function

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40
Q

When a protein undergoes a confrontational change

A

It changes shape thus changing function and activates secondary Messengers

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41
Q

Cholesterol is located

A

Between fatty acid tails

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42
Q

Stabilizes the membrane and slows movement

A

Cholesterol

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43
Q

What activates the G protein

A

Receptor

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44
Q

Functions of membrane proteins

A

Transport
Enzyme activity
Receptors for signal transduction

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45
Q

T/F

Transport channels require ATP

A

T

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46
Q

Biological activities found in membrane

A

Enzymes

47
Q

T/F
Transport pumps requires energy
ATP

A

T

48
Q

T/F

Signal transduction happens in muscles and nerve tissue

A

T

49
Q

Ligand signaling

A

Ligand gated channels

50
Q

Electrical signaling

A

Voyage gated ion channels

51
Q

Nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells

A

Gap junction

52
Q

A nexus is like

A

A channel

53
Q

What sets up the process of signal transduction

A

The receptors

54
Q

Chemical Messengers are

A

Ligand

55
Q

Binds to protein in membrane

Also known as protein receptor

A

Chemical messenger ligand

56
Q

Bind

A

Ligand

57
Q

T/F

Individual proteins interact with receptor

A

F

Because of its location in cytoplasm & shape

58
Q

What causes the receptor to change confirmation

A

The binding of the 1st messenger initiating a new action

59
Q

The G protein bind to

A

Effector protein

60
Q

1st Messengers bind to

A

Receptors

61
Q

Receptors bind to

A

G protein

62
Q

2nd Messengers activates

A

Other enzymes or ion channels

63
Q

Kinase enzymes

A

Enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to specific proteins activating a series of other enzymes that tigger cell responses

64
Q

Desmosome

A

Anchoring junction

Resisting sheer forces

65
Q

Rapid transfer

A

Gap junctions

66
Q

Impermeable junction

A

Tight junction

67
Q

1st messenger proteins are

A

Integral proteins

68
Q

G proteins are

A

Peripheral proteins

69
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Lipid soluble substances diffuse directly through lipid bilayer

70
Q

Passive transport

A

Kinetic energy from gradient which moves substances from high to low concentration

71
Q

During passive transport …

A

ATP is not required

72
Q

Diffusion moves

A

Solute

73
Q

Osmosis moves

A

Solvent

74
Q

Osmolarity is best defined as

A

The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution

75
Q

A solution where the solute is higher inside the cell than outside the cell

A

Hypotonic

76
Q

Why is ATP required during active transport

A

Binding inorganic phosphate causes changes in conformation

77
Q

Carrier proteins

A

—Must be transmembraneous
—Must use ATP to make solutes against a gradient
—change confirmation while moving Solis’s across membrane

78
Q

Example of carrier protein

A

Glucose

79
Q

Examples of simple diffusion

A

Gases

80
Q

How do glucose enter the cell

A

Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

81
Q

How does sodium entree a cell

A

Channel mediated facilitated diffusion

82
Q

Examples of facilitated diffusion

A

Channels

Carrier protein

83
Q

Active transport

A

Potential energy from high energy bonds stored between phosphate groups in ATP

84
Q

Primary active transport

A

Direct use of ATP to move substances

85
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Indirect use of ATP to move substances

86
Q

Isotonic

A

Solutions with the same solute concentration as the cytosol

87
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solutions having greater solute concentration than the cytosol

88
Q

Primary active transport is

A

Hydrolysis

89
Q

Movement of macromolecules

A

Active transport

90
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Movement of large particles and macromolecules across membrane

91
Q

T/F

ATP requires receptor

A

F

Requires Claritin coated pits

92
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis

93
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cellular drinking

Fluid phase endocytosis

94
Q

During secondary active transport

A

A substance is moved across membrane as a result of intentionally moving another substance

95
Q

T/F

During endocytosis the inner leaflet of the cell membrane becomes part of the outer leaflet

A

T

96
Q

T/F

Active transport requires a hydrophilic channel

A

T

97
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Pseudopod engulf solids and bring them into cell

98
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Clathrin coated pits provide main route for endocytosis and transcytosis

99
Q

T/F

Clarhrin is required for Pinocytosis

A

F

100
Q

Example of active endocytosis

A

White blood cell phagocytosis

101
Q

Example of exocytosis

A

Neurotransmitter secretion

102
Q

Example of receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Hormone and cholesterol intake

103
Q

Example of pinocytosis

A

Absorption by intestinal cells

104
Q

T/F

All cells have the same inclusions

A

F

105
Q

Membranous organelles

A 
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
106
Q

Non membranous organelles

A

Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Ribosomes

107
Q

Provide cells with ATP n most aerobic cellular resp

A

Mitochondria

108
Q

Rough ER

A

Studded with ribosomes

Synthesis of integral proteins and phospholipids

109
Q

Smooth ER

A

Catalyze several reactions in body

110
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

111
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modification
Concentration
And packaging of proteins

112
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digest ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins

113
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Detox harmful or toxic substances

Bio 107 (3 decks)

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