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Introduction To Communication Mid-term Exam > Chapter 3 - The Evolution Of Communication Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - The Evolution Of Communication Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of model

A

Theoretical and simplified representation of the real world

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2
Q

What are the functions of model?

A

Helps examine the nature and understand the fundamentals

Helps identify the core concepts of communication theory

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3
Q

What are the elements of Aristotle’s model?

A

Speaker - Argument - Speech - Listener

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4
Q

What is speaker called in Aristotle’s model?

A

Orator

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5
Q

What are the three goals of Aristotle’s model?

A

Inspire positive image of him/herself
Encourage the audience to be receptive to the message
To persuade

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6
Q

Which model says communication is primarily a verbal activity?

A

Aristotle’s model

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7
Q

What is the communication flow of Aristotle’s model?

A

one way

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8
Q

When was Lasswell’s model published?

A

1948

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9
Q

“Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect.”

A

Lasswell

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10
Q

What are the elements of Lasswell’s model?

A

Who (speaker) - What (message) - Channel (or medium) - Whom (audience or listener) - Effect

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11
Q

Lasswell’s model was influenced by?

A

The area of political propaganda

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12
Q

What is the communication flow of Lasswell’s model?

A

One way

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13
Q

Outcomes and effect of Lasswell’s model are?

A

Various

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14
Q

Who was Claude Shannon?

A

A telecommunication engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories

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15
Q

Who interpreted Shannon’s concept of communication?

A

Warren Weaver

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16
Q

When was “The Rhetoric” by Aristotle published?

A

330 B.C

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17
Q

How many books are there in “The Rhetoric”?

A

Three

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18
Q

What does book I of “The Rhetoric” focus on?

A

The means of persuasion

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19
Q

Book I of “The Rhetoric” contains

A

Ethos (the nature of the source)
Pathos (the emotion of the audience)
Logos (the nature of the message presented by the source to the audience)

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20
Q

The Book II of “The Rhetoric” examines

A

The nature of the audience and how the speaker can evoke an audience’s emotions.
Demographic factors influence how a message is perceived

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21
Q

The Book III of “The Rhetoric” emphasizes

A

How a message is constructed and gives little attention to delivery

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22
Q

What are the elements of Shannon and Weaver’s model?

A

Information source - Transmitter - Channel (under: Noise source) - Receiver - Destination

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23
Q

Shannon and Weaver’s model was built under the principles of

A

engineering, physics, math

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24
Q

Shannon and Weaver’s model of communication was introduced in the book

A

“The mathematical theory of communication”

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25
What has Shannon and Weaver's model become the basis of?
Information theory
26
“Communication include(s) all the procedures by which one mind may affect another. This, of course, involves not only written and oral speech, but also music, the pictorial arts, the theatre, the ballet, and in fact all human behavior”
Shannon and Weaver's model
27
What is information source in Shannon and Weaver's model?
Brain that selects the message correctly
28
What is transmitter in Shannon and Weaver's model?
It changes a message into a signal
29
What is receiver in Shannon and Weaver's model?
It receives signal
30
What is destination in Shannon and Weaver's model?
Brain
31
What is feedback in Shannon and Weaver's model?
Information from source received back by the source
32
What is the communication flow of Shannon and Weaver's model?
One way (with feedback)
33
Level / effectiveness of communication | according to Weaver:
Technique Semantic (relating to meaning in language) Effect
34
What is noise in Shannon and Weaver's model?
Any distortion that interferes with the signal transmission
35
What are the ways of overcoming noise in Shannon and Weaver's model?
Increasing the power of signal Directing the signal more precisely Add more signals Redundancy (repetition)
36
Schramm's model 1 is created when and by whom?
1954 by Wilbur Schramm
37
Which model is Schramm's model 1 based on?
Shannon's model
38
What is the communication flow of Schramm's model 1?
One way
39
What are the elements of Schramm's model 1?
Source - Encoder - Signal - Decoder - Destination
40
What are the elements of Schramm's model 2?
Source - Encoder - Signal - Decoder - Destination - FIELD OF EXPERIENCE
41
According to Schramm's model 2, communication is
A purposeful effort to establish “commonness” between a source and receiver
42
According to Schramm's model 2, the word communication derived from Latin word
Communis
43
According to Schramm's model 2, what are the examples of field of experience?
Language, culture
44
What is the communication flow of Schramm's model 2?
One way
45
What does feedback tell us in Schramm's model 3?
Tells us how our messages are being | interpreted
46
What are the elements of Schramm's model 3?
Decoder - Interpreter - Encoder - Message - Decoder - Interpreter - Encoder - Message... (It circulates)
47
What is the communication flow of Schramm's model 3?
Circular
48
What does interpreter do in Schramm's model 3?
Converts messages into language
49
What do Encoder and Decoder do in Schramm's model 3?
Converts messages into codes
50
What are the elements of Westley and MacLean's model?
X(s) - A - C - B - Feedback
51
When and by whom was Westley and MacLean's model created?
Bruce Westely and Malcolm S. Maclean in 1957
52
According to Westley and MacLean's model, communication process begins with
Receiving messages rather than sending messages
53
What are X, A, C, B in Westley and MacLean's model?
X: signals A: reporter C: editor B: audience
54
In Westley and MacLean's model signals may have
Modalities
55
Westley and MacLean's model is considered ... than other models.
More complex
56
Communication process of Westley and MacLean's model involves
Interpersonal communication and mass communication
57
Westley and MacLean's model is primarily used for
Showing the process of mass communication or communication in media organization
58
Involving unintentional messages or non | purposive messages
Westley and MacLean's model
59
Does Westley and MacLean's model recognize feedback?
Yes
60
What is the communication flow of Westley and MacLean's model?
Circular (with feedback)
61
What are the elements of Katz and Lazarsfeld's model
Source - Message - Mass Media - Opinion Leaders - Public
62
Two - step flow
Katz and Lazarsfeld's model
63
Katz and Lazarsfeld's model was published in
1955
64
What is Katz and Lazarsfeld's book?
Personal Influence
65
What was Katz and Lazarsfeld's book based on?
Based on the research that information through media cannot reach and give direct impact on individuals Individual is influenced by the opinion leader
66
What are the elements of Berlo's model?
Source (communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture) - Message (elements, structure) - Channel (seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting) - Receiver (communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, culture)
67
When was Berlo's model published?
1960
68
What's the title of Berlo's model book?
The Process of Communication
69
What was the inspiration of Berlo's model?
Aristotle's idea about the main elements
70
What is the starting point of Berlo's model?
Human's five senses
71
Berlo is the first person to suggest that
communication is a process
72
Who said "Meanings are in people, not in words"?
Berlo
73
Berlo's model sees not only information transmission, but also...
Information interpretation
74
What are the elements of Dance's model?
Time
75
When was Dance's model published?
1967
76
According to Dance's model, communication is?
A complex and evolutionary process
77
What is the communication flow of Dance's model?
Helical-spiral
78
Every communication act builds on the previous communication experiences of all parties involved
Dance's model
79
According to Dance's model, communication process is similar to all ... that include ... interrelated with the ...
Social processes, elements, continuously changing environment
80
Dance's model is dynamic which means
Changing process at all times
81
What are the elements of Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model?
Person A, Message, Person B ZIG-ZAG
82
In what book and what year was Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model published?
Pragmatic of Human Communication (1967)
83
According to Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model, communication is viewed based on
Psychiatric study and therapy
84
According to Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model, communication is
An ongoing, cumulative activity
85
Individuals function alternatively as sources and receivers
Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model
86
What are the significant communication behaviors in Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model?
Verbal, non-verbal, intentional, unintentional
87
Communication flow of Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model?
Two way
88
What is the axiom of Watzlawick, Beavin, Jackson's model?
"One cannot not communicate"
89
What are the elements of Gamble & Gamble's model?
``` Context/Environment Person A, Person B Noise A's field of experience B's field of experience Shared field of experience Message/Channel Feedback ```
90
What is the communication flow of Gamble & Gamble's model?
Transactional
91
Communication is a “continuous circle”
Gamble & Gamble's model
92
Can one or more channels be used in Gable & Gamble's model?
Yes

Introduction To Communication Mid-term Exam (3 decks)

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