Chapter 3: The influence of culture on communication (I) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3: The influence of culture on communication (I) Deck (14)
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1
Q

Power Distance index

A
  • How much does the culture believe that power should be distributed unequally
  • Decisions of the power holders be challenged?

Predictors?

  • Climate
  • Population
  • Wealth distribution
2
Q

Uncertainty avoidance

A

threatened by ambiguous situations?
Tries to avoid uncertainty by establishing more structure?

Predictor?
-Extent of modernisation (high modernisation= low UAI)

3
Q

Indiv- Collectivism

A
  • Unique and independent OR
  • Conforming and interdependent

“The degree to which a culture relies on and has allegiance to the self or to the group.”

Predictor?

  • Eco dvmt
  • Climate
  • How outsiders are treated
4
Q

Masculinity- Femininity

A

How much does the culture value assertiveness and the acquisition of wealth
vs
Caring for others

  • Achievement and assertiveness vs
  • Nurturance and support

Predictor?
-Climate (colder= feminine)

5
Q

Long-Term orientation

A

-Perspectives on life and work

  • LTO values: Thrift, perseverance and humility.
  • STO values: respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations and protecting one’s face.
6
Q

Indulgence-Restraint (IND)

A

How much ppl try to control desires and impulses?

-Hedonism (pleasure and enjoyment)
vs
-Self-discipline (moderation and self-control)

7
Q

Bond’s Confucian cultural patterns

A

-Integration (social stability)

-Human heartedness
(gentleness and compassion)

  • Moral discipline (restraint and moderation in daily activities)
  • Confucian work dynamism (person’s orientation to life and work)
8
Q

(definition) Triandis’ Cultural syndromes

A
  • Shared pattern of beliefs, attitudes, self-definitions, norms, roles and values organised around a theme.
  • 9 diff ones
  • Miscommunication can occur when people are not aware of these syndromes.
9
Q

9 syndromes of Triandis’ Culture syndromes

A
  • Cultural complexity (size as a good determinant)
  • Tight (tight cultures have many rules, norms about correct behaviour)
  • Individualism
  • Vertical (vertical cultures take hierarchy as a given)
  • Active (active cultures as more competitive, and tries to change the environment to fit them- more self centred)
  • Universalism (ppl try to treat each other on the basis of universal criteria)
  • Diffuse (diffuse cultures will say “I do not like your report means I do not like you”)
  • Instrumental- expressive: Instrumental (“get the job done” vs. “enjoy the social relationship”)
  • Emotional expression
10
Q

Hall’s High & Low context cultural patterns

A
  • Organizes culture by the amount of information IMPLIED by the context of communication.
  • Culture as a screen that tells the person what perception to notice, and how to interpret them.
11
Q

Hall’s High context cultures

A
  • Highly implicit culture.
  • Lots of shared understanding in the culture.
  • Emphasis on nonverbal codes.
  • Distinct in-groups & outgroups
  • Reactions reserved.
  • Time open and flexible
12
Q

Hall’s Low-context cultures

A
  • Overt and explicit
  • Msg plainly coded
  • Details verbalised
  • Reactions on the surface
  • Flexible in-groups & outgroups
  • Low commitment
  • Time highly organised
13
Q

M-time culture

A
  • Single-track view of time
  • Generally northern cultures
  • Commodify time and emphasise efficiency.
  • Obsessed with controlling time.
  • Mainstream US culture.
  • Emphasis on schedule and discrete time units.
14
Q

Polychromic (P-time)

A
  • Generally Southern cultures.
  • View events as happening concurrently.
  • Emphasises relationships
  • Many Asian cultures.