Chapter 3 tissues Flashcards by kay not

Epithelial tissue
cbs
lho,bc,d,
fg

covers body surfaces
lines hollow organs, body cavities, ducts
forms glands

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Connective tissue
p,sbao
bot
sersaf,p

protection, supports body and organs
binds organs together
stores energy reserves such as fat, provides immunity

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Muscular tissue
gffm
gbh

generates force for movement

generates body heat

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Nervous
dcia
r,i&tni(s..)
amcags

detects changes in a variety of conditions
responds, initiates & transmits nerve impulses (signals) to control and coordinate body activities
activates muscle contractions and glandular secretion

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Sse (asotl) - ut, bl, cn, asoe
sce (k)
sce (l)
pe(rt)
sse(e)

simple squamous epithelium (air sacs of the lungs) - underlying tissue, basal lamina, cell nuclei, apical surface of epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium (kidney)
simple columnar epithelium (lungs)
pseudostratified epithelium (respiratory tract)
stratified squamous epithelium (esophagus)

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Tight junctions
sotpft
sopwbac
ptposbc a cotoflib

Location
s,i,u

strands of transmembrane proteins fuse together
seal off passage ways between adjacent cells
prevent the passage of substances between cells & the contents of the organs from leaking into blood

stomach. intestine, urinary bladder

impermeable

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Adherens junctions
tp, (dp), ajtc
aatpftos
aaab
hrsdvc

location
tloi(dfm)

transmembrane proteins (dense proteins) adherens join cells
adheren attach to plaque from opposite side of the membrane
acts as a belt to encircle the cell
helps resist separation during various contractile activity in tissue

the lining of intestine (during food movement)

permeable

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Desmosomes
p&tga
ifad
pecfs

location
olos(e)&cm

plaque & transmembrane glycoprotein attach neighboring cells

intermediate filaments attaches desmosome/tissue together

prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension in the skin and heart

outer layer of skin (epidermis) and cardiac muscle cells in heart

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Gap junctions
mp, cftffc, ccnc
masbic/s
actc
spfn&mi

locations
l,c,n&m,gt&u

membrane protein, connexins from tiny fluid-filled channels, connexons connect neighboring cells
membranes are separated by intracellular cleft/space
allows cells to communicate
serve passage for never & muscle impulses among cells

lens, cornea, nerves and muscles, gastrointestinal tract and uterus

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Structure of epithelial cell
as (t)
ls (ib
bs
e (whole thing)
bm
av

Apical surface (top)
lateral surface in between 
basal surface
epithelium
basement membrane
avascular no blood supply

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Simple squamous epithelium
description
sl, soft, f, nlac

Location and function
e - h,b,l
m - p,p,p

asof, (b) (d,ge)
cok (f)
tme (s)

single layers, squashed or floor tile, flat, nucleus is located at center

endothelium - heart, blood vessels, lymphatic linings

mesothelium - pericardium, peritoneum, pleura

air sacs of lungs, (bowmans) (diffusion, gas exchange)

capsule of kidney (filteration)

tympanic membrane eardrum (secretion)

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Simple cuboidal epithelium

description
cac - edo4s
sl - nlc

location
o
loe
kt
gl t
dosg p

function
s
a

cells are cubic - equal diameter on 4 corners
single layer - nucleus located at center

surface of ovaries 
capsule lens of eye 
kidney tubule 
glands like thyroid
ducts of some glands pancreas

secretion
absorption

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Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

description
t, l, nie
cm, g,

location
git (sa)
dog
g

function
s
a
ssm

taller, longer, nucleus is elongated
contains microvilli, globlet cells,

gastrointestinal tract (stomach to anus)
ducts of glands
gallbladder

secretion
absorption
secrete sticky mucus

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Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

description
t,l,ne
gc
c

location
b
u(f)
u
ps
cns
vob

function
mslofotft
mmptt

tall, long, nucleus is elongated
goblet cells
cilia

bronchioles
uterine (fallopian)
uterus
paranasal sinuses
central canal spinal cord
ventricle of brain

move substances like oocytes from ovaries to fallopian tube
moves mucus and particles toward throat

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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

description
nilavl
lmlbin
c
g

location
aourt
ldog
e
mu

function
mtp
a
p

Nucleus is located at various levels
looks like multi layer but its not hence pseudo
cilia
goblet

airways of upper respiratory tract
large ducts of glands
epididymis
male urethra

mucus traps particles
absorption
protection

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Keratinized vs non
pfc (s)
h

Simple epithelium 
s
a
d
f

stratified epithelium
p
ss

protection from chemicals (skin)
heat

secretion
absorption
diffusion
filteration

protect
some secretion

NOW STRATIFIED

Stratified squamous

description
mt23l
s-e
ck
s-f
m-cc
vlcbsmpu

location
k-fslos
n-ws, m,e,e,p,v,t

function
p
w
r

more than 20-30 layers
skin - epidermis
contain keratinocytes 
superficial skin - flat
middle - cuboidal or columnar 
layer at vessel level because they are close to blood supply they multiply and push upward

keratinized - form superficial layer of skin
non - wet surface - mouth, esophagus, epiglottis, pharynx, vagina, tongue

protection, water loss, radiation

Stratified cuboidal

description
2ml
cs

location
sg
eg
mu

function
p
ls
a

2 or more layers
cube

sweat gland
esophegal gland
male uretrha

protection
limited secretion
absorption

Stratified columnar epithelium

description
s
i
c

location
u
dog - e
amm
coe

function
p
s

short
irregular
columnar

urethra
ducts of glands - esophegeal
anal mucus membrane
conjunctiva of eye

p
s

Transitional epithelium

description
wrllsce
wsbflsse

location
u,u,u

function
uots
hf
p

when relaxed it looks like stratified cuboidal epithelium
when stretched it becomes flat like stratified simple squamous
stretches

urinary bladder, uterus, urethra

urinary organ to stretch
hold fluid
protects

Merocine/eccrine
dos
sap

duct onto surface

salivary and pancreas

Apocrine
dos
m(m)
ssg

duct onto surface
mammary (milk)
some sweat glands

Difference between connective and epithelial tissue 
epithelial 
mctp
a
lonem
fslncbt
g
bv
bc

connective
loem
ssc
v (ec&t)
ns (ec)
b -s
b - l
c -ss

many cells tightly packed
avascular
little or no extracellular material
form surface layer not covered by tissue 
glands
blood vessels 
body cavities

lots of extracellular material 
separates scattered cells
vascular except cartilage and tendons
nerve supply (except cartilage)
bones - solid
blood -liquid
cartilage - semi solid

Areolar connective desciption c,e,r f,m,p,a,m,w location wd, sl, dos, mm, bv, n, bo, pm ``` function s,e,s ```

collagen elastic reticular ``` fibroblast macrophages plasma adipocytes mast white blood cells ``` ``` widely distributed subcutaneous layer dermis of skin mucous membrane blood vessels nerves body organ packing material ``` strength, elasticity, support

Adipose tissue ``` description wat bat (i) hbt a sft bt,cnpp ``` ``` location act sldts h k b aj bees ``` ``` function rhlts er s p ```

white adipose tissue brown adipose tissue (infant) generates heat for body temp adipocyte storage for triglycerides big triglycerides, cytoplasm nucleus pushed peiphery ``` areolar connective tissue subcutaneous layer deep to skin heart kidneys bonemarrow around joints behind eyeball eye socket ``` reduce heat loss through skin energy reserve support protect

Reticular connective description rf (tcf) rc ``` location sol s ln rbm rl bv m ``` ``` function soo bsmtc fwobcis miln ```

``` reticular fibers (thin collagen fibers) reticular cells ``` ``` stroma of liver spleen lymph nodes red bone marrow reticular lamina blood vessels muscles ``` stroma of organs binds smooth muscle tissue cells filter warn out blood cells in spleen microbes in lymph nodes

Dense regular ``` description emlsaw cfaibwf cfnl talfbvshs ``` location t (mtb) l (btb) a (mtm or mtb) function sa swp

extracellular material looks shiny and white collagen fibers arranged in bundles with fibroblast collagen fibers not living tendons and ligaments few blood vessels so heals slow tendons (muscle to bone) ligaments (bone to bone) aponeuroses (muscle to muscle or muscle to bone) strong attachment structure withstands pulling

Dense irregular description tp wmia p ``` location f (tbs) dos fpoh pob poc jc mc (k,l,t,ln) hv ``` function t (p) s

tightly packed woven mesh irregularly arranged perichondrium ``` fasciae (tissue beneath skin) dermis of skin fibrous paricardium of heat periosteum of bone perichondrium of cartilage joint capsule membrane capsules (kidney, liver, testes, lymph nodes) heart valves ``` tensile (pulling) strength

Elastic connective

elastic fibers with fibroblast yellowish ``` lung tissue elastic arteries tanchea bronchiole tubes vocal cords penis vertebrae ``` allows stretching strong recoil to original shape

Hyaline cartilage ``` description gags ss fil SBP ``` ``` location maib eolb aeor n l t bat efs ``` ``` function ssfmaj f s w ```

gel as ground substance shiny substance found in lucanae SURROUNDED BY PERICHONDRIUM ``` most abundant in body end of long bones anterior end of ribs nose larynx tranchea bronchi and tubes embryonic fetal skeleton ``` smooth surface for muscle and joints flexibility support weak

Fibrocartilage description ciem LP ``` location ps (pwhja) id (dbv) m (cp) ok ttiic ``` function sajst sr s

chondrocytes in extracellular matrix LACKS PERICHONDRIUM ``` pubic symphysis (point where hips join anteriorly) intervetebral disc (disc between vertebrae) menisci (cartilage pads) of knee tendons that insert into cartilage ``` support and join structures together strength rigid strongest

Elastic cartilage description efiem HP location l (e) ee a (e) t function s e ms

elastic fibers in extracellular matrix HAS PERICHONDRIUM larynx (epiglottis) external ear auditory (eustachian) tubes strength elasticity maintain shape