Chapter 3 - Victimology

Question 1

How have crime changes since the ’90s?

Answer 1

It has decreased

Question 2

Which crime is most committed?

Answer 2

Property crime

Question 3

According to the 2017 NCVS, who is the individual most likely to be victimized?

Answer 3

young black unmarried male

Question 4

What occupations are most at risk of workplace victimization?

Answer 4

security guards, police officers, and correction officers

Question 5

What is the victim precipitation theory?

Answer 5

a theory in victimology that examines how violent victimization may have been precipitated by the victim by he or she acting in certain provocative ways

Question 6

What is VORPs?

Answer 6

bringing together of victim and offender in face-to-face meetings mediated by a person trained in meditation theory and practice
(violent offender remediation practice)

Question 7

What are the predictors of girls’ sexual abuse victimization (according to Finkelhor)?

Answer 7

-living with a stepfather or mother’s live-in boyfriend
-living without a biological mother
-not close to mother
-mother never finished high school
-sex-punitive mother
-no physical affection
-family income under 10,000
-two friends or fewer

Question 8

What period did violent crimes rise, and when did they peak?

Answer 8

70s-80s; 90s

Question 9

How many crimes aren’t reported to the police? How many end up in an arrest?

Answer 9

50%; Less than 50%

Question 10

What percent of arrests are juveniles?

Answer 10

35%

Question 11

What percent of people go to trial?

Answer 11

7%

Question 12

What fraction of people who plead guilty or are found guilty incarcerated?

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

What 4 characteristics make an offenders?

Answer 13

Some who..
-Commits an illegal act
-Attempts to commit an illegal act
-Conspires to commit an illegal act
-Allows an illegal act to take place

Question 14

What are the main correlates of crime?

Answer 14

Sex, age, race, socioeconomic status, geographic location

Question 15

What is a correlate?

Answer 15

A variable that is related to an outcome of interest

Question 16

What is the strongest correlate of crime?

Answer 16

Sex

Question 17

Most crime is committed between what ages?

Answer 17

16-24

Question 18

What race is disproportionately involved in crime? What race is least involved in crime?

Answer 18

African Americans; Asian Americans

Question 19

How does socioeconomics relate to crime?

Answer 19

-Crime and poverty are often related to one another
-offenders tend to have lower education levels
-offenders are often unemployed/low income levels

Question 20

What states have the highest and lowest crime rates?

Answer 20

-highest: Alaska
-lowest: Maine

Question 21

Which areas have the highest crimes?

Answer 21

Southern and Western parts of the US; Urban areas

Question 22

What are primary and secondary victims?

Answer 22

-primary: experienced crime firsthand
-secondary: those who suffer from a crime financially or emotionally but didn’t experience the crime firsthand

Question 23

What is entailed in the victim-offender overlap venn diagram?

Answer 23

-Some individuals are involved in crime both as victims and offenders
-Crimes such as gang crimes make it hard to tell who’s the offender/victim

Question 24

What percent of college women who are sexually assaulted know their assailant?

Answer 24

85-90%

Question 25

What was the ruling of Payne v. Tennessee?

Answer 25

Supreme Court rules that victim impact statements are relevant during sentencing hearings and don't violate the victim's 8th Amendment

Question 26

What does the Crime Victims Fund do?

Answer 26

Supports programs and services for victims of crime across the US in the federal system

Question 27

What 8 points are in the Crime Victim's Rights Acts (2004)

Answer 27

-Right to be **reasonably protected** from the accused -Right to reasonable, accurate, and **timely notice** -Right **not to be excluded** from any such public court proceeding -Right to be **reasonably heard** -Right to confer with the **attorney** for the Government -Right to full and **timely restitution** as provided in law -Right to proceedings free from **unreasonable delay** -Right to be treated with fairness and with **respect** for the victim’s dignity and privacy

Question 28

What are some costs and consequences for victims?

Answer 28

Health related costs, direct financial cost, intangible costs, criminal justice costs