Chapter 3 vocab

Question 1

element

Answer 1

a pure substance with distinctive physical and chemical properties

Question 2

hydrophilic

Answer 2

water-loving

Question 3

nucleic acids

Answer 3

any major class of biomolecule built of chains of nucleotides

Question 4

carbohydrates

Answer 4

any major class of biomolecules built of repeating units of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

polymers

Answer 5

a long strand of repeating units of small molecules

Question 6

proteins

Answer 6

major class of biomolecules built of amino acids

Question 7

biomolecules

Answer 7

a large organic molecule that is critical for living cells

Question 8

acidic solution

Answer 8

any aqueous solution which has a PH under 7

Question 9

acid

Answer 9

a chemical compound that loses hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous surrounding

Question 10

polar molecule

Answer 10

a molecule whose electrical charge is shared unevenly with some regions being electrically negative and others electrically positive

Question 11

monomers

Answer 11

a small molecule that is the repeating unit of a polymer

Question 12

covalent bond

Answer 12

the sharing on an electron between two atoms

Question 13

molecules

Answer 13

an association of atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 14

chemical compounds

Answer 14

a molecule that contains atoms from two or more different elements

Question 15

electron

Answer 15

a negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom

Question 16

base

Answer 16

a chemical compound that accepts hydrogen ions in aqueous surroundings

Question 17

basic solution

Answer 17

a solution that has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions a PH between 7 and 14

Question 18

organic molecule

Answer 18

a molecule that includes at least one carbon-hydrogen bond

Question 19

protons

Answer 19

a positively charged particle found in the nucleus

Question 20

atomic number

Answer 20

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Question 21

atomic mass

Answer 21

the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus

Question 22

isotope

Answer 22

two or more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different neutrons

Question 23

atom

Answer 23

the smallest unit of an element that retains its distinctive qualities

Question 24

matter

Answer 24

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 25

lipids

Answer 25

built of fatty acids, insoluble in water

Question 26

ionic bonds

Answer 26

the chemical bond between a negatively charged atom and a positively charged atom

Question 27

chemical bonds

Answer 27

a force that hold two atoms together

Question 28

solution

Answer 28

any combination of a solute and solvent

Question 29

soluble

Answer 29

able to mix completely with water

Question 30

hydrophobic

Answer 30

water-fearing

Question 31

PH scale

Answer 31

indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions, goes 0-14

Question 32

products

Answer 32

the substance that results from a chemical reaction

Question 33

chemical reaction

Answer 33

the process of breaking chemical bonds and creating new ones

Question 34

reactant

Answer 34

a substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction

Question 35

hydrogen bond

Answer 35

The weak electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and a neighboring atom with a partial negative charge.

Question 36

ions

Answer 36

an electrically charged atom

Question 37

neutrons

Answer 37

an electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 38

organic compounds

Answer 38

a compound that is made up of multiple organic molecules bound together

Question 39

nucleus

Answer 39

1. the dense core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons
2. control center of a eukaryotic cell