Chapter 3 vocab

Question 1

Glycocalyx

Answer 1

Glycolipids that make up a protective layer found ONLY on the outer surface of a cell.

Question 2

Differentiation

Answer 2

When certain genes are activated to transform the cell into a specialized unit

Question 3

Where is Flagella found?

Answer 3

only on free floating single cells, and in humans only on sperm.

Question 4

What are 4 functions of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 4

1. physical separation from extracellular fluid.
2. Regulation of exchange
3. Communication
4. Structural Support

Question 5

What 3 types of lipids make up the membrane?

Answer 5

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, and sphingolipids.

Question 6

What part of the membrane is Hydrophillic?

Answer 6

The polar heads

Question 7

What are Micelles?

Answer 7

Droplets of phospholipids making the interior all fatty lipid tails. Important in digestion and absorption of fats in the digestive tract. (dandelion)

Question 8

What are Liposomes?

Answer 8

Larger balls with phospholipid walls, with a chamber in the middle to hold aqueous solutions.

Question 9

Why is cholesterol so important in the membrane?

Answer 9

It sits between the heads and tails, it makes membranes impermeable to small H2O soluble things and keeps it flexible over temp ranges.

Question 10

Integral Proteins

Answer 10

tightly bound to membrane. Cannot be removed unless there are harsh methods that ruin the integrity of the cell.

Question 11

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 11

attached to other membrane proteins by noncovalent interactions. Can be separated by chemical reaction that do not harm the cell.

Question 12

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 12

chains extend all the way across the cell membrane, then loops protrude into the extracellular fluid.