Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 0

Species

Answer 0

The entirety of a population that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study of all processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms and the interactions between living things and their environment

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

A certain number of individuals that make up the interbreeding and reproducing group

Question 3

Biotic community or biota

Answer 3

The grouping or assemblage of plants, animals, and microbes

Question 4

Abiotic

Answer 4

Nonliving, chemical, and physical factors, such as the amount of water or moisture present, climate, ect.

Question 5

Ecosystems

Answer 5

A grouping of plants animals and microbes occupying an explicit unit of space and interacting with each other and their environment. Functional units of sustainable life on earth.

Question 6

Ecotone

Answer 6

A transitional area between two separate ecosystems that has characteristics of both.

Question 7

Landscapes

Answer 7

A group of interacting ecosystems. Landscape ecology is the science that studies the interactions among ecosystems

Question 8

Biosphere

Answer 8

All species and physical factors on earth functioning as one unified ecosystem. All life on earth

Question 9

Conditions

Answer 9

Abiotic factors that vary in space and time but are not used up or made unavailable to other species

Question 10

Resources

Answer 10

Any factors that are consumed by organisms

Question 11

Optimum

Answer 11

A certain level at which the organisms do best

Question 12

Range of tolerance

Answer 12

The entire span that allows any growth at all

Question 13

Limits of tolerance

Answer 13

High and low ends on range of tolerance

Question 14

Zone of stress

Answer 14

Region between the optimal range and limits of tolerance

Question 15

Limiting factor

Answer 15

A factor that limits growth

Question 16

Law of limiting factors

Answer 16

Observation of limiting factors

Question 17

Synergistic effects or synergism

Answer 17

Two or more factors reacting in a way that causes an effect much greater

Question 18

Habitat

Answer 18

The kind of place where a species is biologically adapted to live

Question 19

Ecological niche

Answer 19

What animals feed on, where they feed, when it feeds, where it finds shelter, where they nest, and how they respond to abiotic factors.

Question 20

Matter

Answer 20

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 21

Atoms

Answer 21

Basic building blocks of all matter

Question 22

Molecule

Answer 22

Consists of two or more atoms bonded together in a specific way

Question 23

Compound

Answer 23

Consists of two or more different atoms bonded together

Question 24

Atmosphere

Answer 24

Thin layer of gases separating earth from space

Question 25

Hydrosphere

Answer 25

Water

Question 26

Lithosphere

Answer 26

Earths crust

Question 27

Mineral

Answer 27

Any hard, crystalline, inorganic material of a given chemical composition

Question 28

Organic

Answer 28

The chemical compounds making up the tissues of living organisms

Question 29

Naturally organic compounds

Answer 29

Make up living organisms | Ex. Lipids, proteins

Question 30

Synthetic organic compounds

Answer 30

Human made

Question 31

Inorganic

Answer 31

Refers to all other molecules or compounds | No carbon-carbon or hydrogen-carbon

Question 32

Energy

Answer 32

Anything that has the ability to move matter, has no mass and doesn't occupy space

Question 33

Calorie

Answer 33

Non SI unit of energy | 1 ml/g of water 1 degree Celsius

Question 34

Kinetic energy

Answer 34

Energy in action or motion

Question 35

Potential energy

Answer 35

Energy in storage

Question 36

Chemical energy

Answer 36

Potential energy contained in chemical fuels

Question 37

Temperature

Answer 37

Measures the molecular motion in a substance caused by kinetic energy

Question 38

1st law of thermodynamics - law of conservation of energy

Answer 38

Energy is neither created no destroyed but may be converted from one form to another

Question 39

2nd law of thermodynamics - law of entropy

Answer 39

In any energy conversion you will end up with less usable energy

Question 40

Entropy

Answer 40

Measure of the degree of disorder in a system

Question 41

Heat energy

Answer 41

Lowest and most disordered form of energy

Question 42

Biomes

Answer 42

Similar or related ecosystems that are often grouped together

Question 43

Photosynthesis

Answer 43

6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 44

Cell respiration

Answer 44

Photosynthesis backwards

Question 45

Oxidation

Answer 45

Breakdown of molecules

Question 46

Cellulose

Answer 46

Fibers of plant cell walls

Question 47

Fermentation

Answer 47

Anaerobic process

Question 48

Eutrophication

Answer 48

A water pollution problem when there is too much phosphorus in water

Question 49

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 49

A number of bacteria and Cyanobacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into reactive nitrogen

Question 50

Legumes

Answer 50

Peas, beans, soybeans, and alfalfa

Question 51

Non-legume plants

Answer 51

Corn, potato wheat, cotton

Question 52

Nitrifying bacteria

Answer 52

Group of soil bacteria that oxidizes the ammonium to nitrate

Question 53

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 53

Lightening turns atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium

Question 54

Industrial fixation of nitrogen

Answer 54

Manufacture of fertilizer

Question 55

Denitrification

Answer 55

Microbial process that occurs in soils and sediment depleted of oxygen which converts nitrates into nitrogen gas

Question 56

SI unit of Energy

Answer 56

Joule