Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Cuboidal

Answer 1

Squarish-looking in frontal tissue sections and about equal in height and width

Question 2

Columnar

Answer 2

Distinctly taller than wide, such as inner lining cells of stomach and intestines

Question 3

Polygonal

Answer 3

Having irregularly angular shapes with 4 or more sides

Question 4

Stellate

Answer 4

Having multiple pointed processes projecting from the body of the cell, giving it a somewhat starlike shape

Question 5

Spheroidal to ovoid

Answer 5

Round to oval

Question 6

Discoid

Answer 6

Disc-shaped

Question 7

Fusiform

Answer 7

Spindle-shaped

Question 8

Fibrous

Answer 8

Long, slender, and threadlike, as in skeletal muscle cells and axons of nerve cells

Question 9

Micrometer

Answer 9

Unit of measurement for cells

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

Fluid between nucleus and surface membrane

Question 11

Cell membrane

Answer 11

Made of proteins and lipids that surround cell

Question 12

Resolution

Answer 12

Ability to reveal detail in cells

Question 13

Cytosol

Answer 13

Clear gel where cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions are embedded

Question 14

Extracellular fluid

Answer 14

All body fluids not contained in the cells

Question 15

Integral proteins

Answer 15

Penetrates into phospholipid bilayer or all the way through it

Question 16

Transmembrane protein

Answer 16

Proteins that pass entirely through it

Question 17

Peripheral protein

Answer 17

Don’t protrude into phospholipid bilayer, but adhere to one face of the membrane

Question 18

Receptor

Answer 18

Surface proteins

Question 19

Second-messenger system

Answer 19

Causes when messenger binds to surface receptor

Question 20

Enzyme

Answer 20

Carry out final stages of starch and protein digestion in small intestine, help produce second messengers, and break down hormones and other signaling molecules

Question 21

Channel proteins

Answer 21

Passages that allow water and hydrophilic solutes to move through the membrane

Question 22

Gates

Answer 22

Determine when solutes can pass

Question 23

Ligand-gated channels

Answer 23

Respond to chemical changes

Question 24

Voltage-gated channels

Answer 24

Respond to changes in electrical potential across plasma membrane

Question 25

Mechanically gated proteins

Answer 25

Respond to physical stress on a cell

Question 26

Carriers

Answer 26

Transmembrane proteins that bind to glucose, electrolytes, and other solutes and transfer them to the other side of membrane

Question 27

Pumps

Answer 27

Consume ATP when transferring

Question 28

Cell-identity markers

Answer 28

Enables our body to tell which cells belong where

Question 29

Cell-adhesion molecules

Answer 29

Where cells adhere to one another and to Extracellular material

Question 30

G protein

Answer 30

Peripheral protein where receptor is linked

Question 31

Squamous

Answer 31

Thin, flat, scaly shape, often with bulge where nucleus is